RNSG 1430 Exam 5 Study Guide Questions & Answers

What determines physical characteristics? - ANSWERSGenetic Heredity - characteristics inherited from each parent are carried in gene pairs on the 23 pairs of chromosomes, which carry the genetic information that determines the person's cellular differentiation, growth, and function How do you treat a temper tantrum? - ANSWERSIf the child is safe, let them throw a fit until they give it up. It is a learned behavior to getting what they want. Ignore them, don't say anything, and just let it happen. How does a fetus develop? - ANSWERSEmbryonic stage- Cephalocaudal- how the fetus develops "from the head to tail" What is the biggest influence of adolescents? - ANSWERSChildren are going to follow their peers when it comes to what they do or say. (Peer pressure) What does breast milk provide to a neonate? - ANSWERSColostrum helps protect the child's immune system. Breast feeding should occur for the first year. When is it ok to start solid foods for an infant? - ANSWERSTongue extrusion reflex (when you touch their lips and they stick their tongue out) Disappears between 4-6 months of age at that time you can introduce foods one at a time. When does bonding occur? - ANSWERSBonding occurs during a sensitive period in the first few hours after birth. Define social isolation - ANSWERSis a sense of being alone and lonely as a result of having fewer meaningful relationships. What is the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults? - ANSWERSInjuries are the leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults. Motor vehicle crashes are the most common cause of mortality, often associated with the use of alcohol or other drugs. Menopause symptoms - ANSWERSa gradual decrease in ovarian function, with subsequent depletion of estrogen and progesterone. periods stop, hot flashes, mood swings and fatigue What is ageism? - ANSWERSa form of prejudice, like racism, in which older adults are stereotyped by characteristics found in only a few members of their group. Fundamental to ageism is the view that older people are different and will remain different; therefore, they do not experience the same desires, needs, and concerns as other adults. What is the leading cause of cognitive impairment is old age? - ANSWERSMost common cause of cognitive impairment in people this age is Alzheimer's. #1 risk factor for this condition is Age and people are living much longer. How do you encourage reminiscence? - ANSWERS(Life review)a way for an older adult to relive and restructure life experiences and is part of achieving ego integrity. Ask to hear about their life, listen, have conversation Do all older adults have mental impairment? - ANSWERSIt is a myth to say the older you get, the less cognitively sharp you are. So no not all older adults have mental impairment What is separation anxiety? - ANSWERSoccurs when a child is separated from loved ones who offer security. When baby is stressed immune system goes down, BMR goes up, and the baby just doesn't do well. Middle adults are at risk of gaining weight - ANSWERSMiddle adults tend to maintain previous eating patterns and caloric intake while being less physically active. This trend can result in obesity and atherosclerosis, with an increased risk for high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, renal failure, and diabetes. Are scatter rugs a good gift for an 85 year old? - ANSWERSScatter rugs are a very common cause of falls and broken hip. What would be the biggest concern in a preterm newborn? - ANSWERSNeonate stage - birth to 28 days. Hole in the heart has to close up first, if the hole doesn't close you end up with a heart murmur. First thing to assess on neonate. Nurses caring for patients in health care facilities need to provide culturally competent care to an increasingly diverse population. Which statements accurately describe a characteristic of cultural diversity that exists in the United States? - ANSWERSIndividuals may be members of multiple cultural groups at one time. Culture guides what is acceptable behavior for people in a specific group. Cultural practices may evolve over time but mainly remain constant. In order to provide culturally competent care, nurses must be alert to factors inhibiting sensitivity to diversity in the health care system, including cultural imposition. Which examples exemplify cultural imposition? - ANSWERSA hospital nurse tells a nurse's aide that patients should not be given a choice whether or not to shower or bathe daily. A Catholic nurse insists that a patient diagnosed with terminal bladder cancer see the chaplain in residence. A nurse caring for culturally diverse patients in a physician's office is aware that patients of certain cultures are more prone to specific disease states than the general patients would the nurse screen for diabetes mellitus based on the patient's race? - ANSWERSA Native American patient A White patient A Hispanic patient A nurse is providing nutritional counseling to culturally diverse patients with dietary restrictions. Which statement accurately describes a dietary concern based on a specific culture? - ANSWERSAsians often eat a diet that is high in salt. The nurse practitioner sees patients in a community clinic that is located in a predominately White neighborhood. After performing assessments on the majority of the patients visiting the clinic, the nurse notes that many of the minority groups living within the neighborhood have lost the cultural characteristics that made them different. What is the term for this process? - ANSWERSCultural assimilation A nurse states, "That woman is 78 years old—too old to learn how to change a dressing." What is the nurse demonstrating? - ANSWERSStereotyping A nurse is interviewing a newly admitted patient. Which question would be considered culturally sensitive? - ANSWERS"What types of food do you eat for meals?" A nurse is telling a new mother from Africa that she shouldn't carry her baby in a sling created from a large rectangular cloth. The African woman tells the nurse that everyone in Mozambique carries babies this way. The nurse believes that bassinets are safer for infants. What term best describes what the nurse is doing? - ANSWERSCultural imposition A nurse is teaching a novice nurse how to provide culturally competent care to patients in a culturally diverse community health clinic. Although all of the following are important to providing culturally competent nursing care, which one is most basic? - ANSWERSTreating each patient at the clinic as an individual A nurse examining a toddler in a pediatric office documents that the child is in the 90th percentile for height and weight and has blue eyes. These physical characteristics are primarily determined by: - ANSWERSGenetic information on chromosomes The nurse caring for infants in a hospital nursery knows that newborns continue to grow and develop according to individual growth patterns and developmental levels. Which terms describe these patterns? - ANSWERSOrderly Sequential Differentiated Integrated A nurse researcher studies the effects of genomics on current nursing practice. Which statements identify genetic principles that will challenge nurses to integrate genomics in their research, education, and practice? - ANSWERSGenetic tests plus family history tools have the potential to identify people at risk for diseases. Pharmacogenetic tests can determine if a patient is likely to have a strong therapeutic response to a drug or suffer adverse reactions from the medication. Genetic variation can either accelerate or slow the metabolism of many drugs. A nurse performing an assessment of a newborn in the neonatal unit records these findings: heart rate 85 bpm, irregular respiratory rate, normal muscle tone, weak crying, and bluish tint to skin. Using the APGAR scoring chart what would be the score for this newborn? - ANSWERS5 The nurse records an APGAR score of 4 for a newborn. What would be the priority intervention for this newborn? - ANSWERSProvide respiratory assistance. A school nurse is preparing a talk on safety issues for parents of school-aged children to present at a parent-teacher meeting. Which topics should the nurse include based on the age of the children? - ANSWERSTeaching pedestrian traffic safety Providing swimming lessons and water safety rules Teaching child how to "stop, drop, and roll" The nurse encourages parents of hospitalized infants and toddlers to stay with their child to help decrease what potential problem? - ANSWERSSeparation anxiety A nurse is teaching parents of toddlers how to spend quality time with their children. Which activity would be developmentally appropriate for this age group? - ANSWERSPlaying in a sand box A high school nurse is counseling parents of teenagers who are beginning high school. Which issues would be priority topics of discussion for this age group? - ANSWERSThe influence of peer groups Bullying Eating disorders Risk taking behavior A nurse working with adolescents in a group home discusses the developmental tasks appropriate for adolescents with the staff. What is an example of a primary developmental task of the adolescent? - ANSWERSSpending time developing relationships with peers Following assessment of an obese adolescent, a nurse considers nursing diagnoses for the patient. Which diagnosis would be most appropriate? - ANSWERSDisturbed body image