Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage
- CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and
epigastric pain - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis. -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a
sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic
reaction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastroenteritis
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or
eggs - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation.
Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the
susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune
conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can
indicate ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into
the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit,
tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia,
obesity, pregnancy, certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel
blockers, and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
, Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant),
dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump
in the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and chronic
pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic
Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use
(NSAIDs), H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI tract wall.
Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Duodenal Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Stress Ulcers
Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically present with
epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Duodenal
ulcers
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastric
Ulcers
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage
- CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and
epigastric pain - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis. -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a
sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic
reaction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastroenteritis
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or
eggs - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation.
Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the
susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune
conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Chronic Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can
indicate ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into
the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit,
tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia,
obesity, pregnancy, certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel
blockers, and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
, Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant),
dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump
in the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and chronic
pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic
Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use
(NSAIDs), H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. - CORRECT
ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI tract wall.
Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Duodenal Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Stress Ulcers
Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically present with
epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Duodenal
ulcers
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gastric
Ulcers
