PY 101 Question and answers 100% correct

PY 101 - Exam 2
nonassociative, associative, observational - correct answer ✔Learning is
divided into 3 subcategories: ___, ___, and ___.


nonassociative, habituation, sensitization - correct answer ✔___: learning
about a stimulus, such as sight or sound, in the external world. This type of
learning is divided into ___ (when our behavioral response to a stimulus
decreases) or ___ (when it increases)


associative, classical, operant - correct answer ✔___: learning the
relationship between two pieces of information. This type of learning is divided
into ___ conditioning (when we learn that a stimulus predicts another
stimulus) and ___ conditioning (when we learn that a behavior leads to a
certain outcome)


observational, modeling, vicarious - correct answer ✔___: learning by
watching how others behave. This type of learning is divided into ___
(imitating a behavior seen in others) and ___ learning (learning to engage in a
behavior after seeing others being rewarded/punished for it)


learning, experience, practice - correct answer ✔___ is any relatively
permanent change in behavior brought about by ___ or ___


classical, involuntary - correct answer ✔___ conditioning, AKA Pavlonian
conditioning, is learning to make an ___ response to a stimulus other than the
original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response


pavlov, classical conditioning, reflexes - correct answer ✔___ is the russian
physiologist who discovered ___ through his work with digestion in dogs. He
studied ___, unlearned, involuntary responses

,unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - correct answer ✔The ___ is the original,
naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary and unlearned
response


unconditioned response (UCR) - correct answer ✔The ___ is an involuntary
response and unlearned response to a naturally occurring/ unconditioned
stimulus.


conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus - correct answer ✔The ___ is a
previously neutral stimulus that begins to cause the same kind of involuntary
response when paired repeatedly with the ___


conditioned response - correct answer ✔The ___ is the learned response
that is given to the conditioned stimulus


stimulus generalization, conditioned stimulus - correct answer ✔___
describes the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the
original ___ with the conditioned response. (a dog may only respond to a
"clicker" with a certain pitch)


stimulus discrimination - correct answer ✔___ occurs when an organism
learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways.


extinction, conditioned stimulus, reinforcer - correct answer ✔___ describes
the weakening of a learned response following the removal/absence of the
___ (in classical conditioning) or removal of the ___ (in operant conditioning)


spontaneous recovery, extinction - correct answer ✔___ is the reappearance
of a learned response after ___ has occurred

, conditioned taste aversion, biological preparedness - correct answer ✔___ is
an aversive response to a particular taste that was once followed by a nausea
reaction. ___ is the tendency of animals to learn certain associations
(taste/nausea) after a few pairings due to the survival value of learning.


Classical conditioning, stimuli - correct answer ✔___ occurs with automatic,
involuntary behavior. It comes down to to learning associations between ___,
or antecedents. It creates a new, involuntary response to a stimulus


Operant conditioning, consequences - correct answer ✔___ applies to
voluntary behavior. It depends on ___, or what happens after a response. The
voluntary end result is an increase in the rate of an already occurring
response


voluntary behavior, responses - correct answer ✔Operant conditioning is the
learning of a ___ through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant
consequences to ___.


Thorndike's Law of Effect - correct answer ✔___ says that responses that
lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated


reinforcement, biological, secondary - correct answer ✔___ describes any
event of stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability
that the response will occur again. Primary reinforcers are naturally reinforced
by meeting a ___ need. ___ reinforcers come after primary reinforcers in the
form of "gifts"


increases, decreases - correct answer ✔Reinforcement ___ behavior and
punishment ___ behavior