PY 101 - Final Exam
Definition and goals of Psychology - correct answer ✔1. Mind
-the mind is everything that makes up our
mental activity
-private inner experience
-perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, etc.
-the mind is what the brain does
2. Behavior
-observable actions
-the things we do
Structuralism vs. Functionalism - correct answer ✔Structuralism
-goal was to separate consciousness into its most basic parts
-the units of conscious experience
-what happens to us and what we experience when we behave
Functionalism
-goal was to study how and why mental processes enabled us to adapt to the
environment
Experimental vs Correlational Research - correct answer ✔-Variables might
increase together
-One variable might increase as one decreases
- When variables covary, they are said to correlate
-r=+1 Strong Positive Relationship
-r=0 No Relationship
-r=-1 Strong Negative Relationship
,- no, positive, negative, perfect positive correlation
Independent vs Dependent Variables - correct answer ✔Experiment can
determine causation
Independent
- Variable manipulated
Dependent
- Variable observed
Reliability vs Validity - correct answer ✔Reliability
- the consistency and repeatability of the test results
EX: if a person takes an IQ test on Monday they should get the same results
on Friday
Validity
-how well the test measures what it intends to measure
-does your IQ test actually measure IQ?
Neural Communication and Synapses - correct answer ✔Once signal
reaches axon terminal, vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic
cleft
--> the gap between one axon terminal and another cell
Action Potential - correct answer ✔Nerve Impulse
-During the action potential, the inside of neuron becomes positively charged
Myelination of Neurons. Why? - correct answer ✔Speed of neural
transmission is determined by two factors:
1. diameter of the axon
, -large axons = fast conduction
2. myelin
-glial cells that form fatty insulation around the axon
Corpus Callosum - correct answer ✔Group of axons that connect the left and
right hemisphere of the brain
Nature vs Nurture - correct answer ✔Nature
- Genetics
Nurture
-Experiences growing up
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Details
of the stages and the order - correct answer ✔1. Sensorimotor (Birth - 2)
-Schemas developed - Theories about world
-Assimilation - Applying schemas
-Accommodation - Revising schemas
-Object permanence - Understanding object exists if we can't see it
2. Pre-operational (2-7)
-Child cannot perform concrete operations
--->Unable to make proper logical conclusions about concrete situations
-Children also show egocentrism and are developing theory of mind
3. Concrete Operational (7-11)
-Child can perform concrete operations
-Show conservation - Same Liquid in 2 different containers
4. Formal Operational (11-Adult)
Definition and goals of Psychology - correct answer ✔1. Mind
-the mind is everything that makes up our
mental activity
-private inner experience
-perceptions, thoughts, memories, feelings, etc.
-the mind is what the brain does
2. Behavior
-observable actions
-the things we do
Structuralism vs. Functionalism - correct answer ✔Structuralism
-goal was to separate consciousness into its most basic parts
-the units of conscious experience
-what happens to us and what we experience when we behave
Functionalism
-goal was to study how and why mental processes enabled us to adapt to the
environment
Experimental vs Correlational Research - correct answer ✔-Variables might
increase together
-One variable might increase as one decreases
- When variables covary, they are said to correlate
-r=+1 Strong Positive Relationship
-r=0 No Relationship
-r=-1 Strong Negative Relationship
,- no, positive, negative, perfect positive correlation
Independent vs Dependent Variables - correct answer ✔Experiment can
determine causation
Independent
- Variable manipulated
Dependent
- Variable observed
Reliability vs Validity - correct answer ✔Reliability
- the consistency and repeatability of the test results
EX: if a person takes an IQ test on Monday they should get the same results
on Friday
Validity
-how well the test measures what it intends to measure
-does your IQ test actually measure IQ?
Neural Communication and Synapses - correct answer ✔Once signal
reaches axon terminal, vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic
cleft
--> the gap between one axon terminal and another cell
Action Potential - correct answer ✔Nerve Impulse
-During the action potential, the inside of neuron becomes positively charged
Myelination of Neurons. Why? - correct answer ✔Speed of neural
transmission is determined by two factors:
1. diameter of the axon
, -large axons = fast conduction
2. myelin
-glial cells that form fatty insulation around the axon
Corpus Callosum - correct answer ✔Group of axons that connect the left and
right hemisphere of the brain
Nature vs Nurture - correct answer ✔Nature
- Genetics
Nurture
-Experiences growing up
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Details
of the stages and the order - correct answer ✔1. Sensorimotor (Birth - 2)
-Schemas developed - Theories about world
-Assimilation - Applying schemas
-Accommodation - Revising schemas
-Object permanence - Understanding object exists if we can't see it
2. Pre-operational (2-7)
-Child cannot perform concrete operations
--->Unable to make proper logical conclusions about concrete situations
-Children also show egocentrism and are developing theory of mind
3. Concrete Operational (7-11)
-Child can perform concrete operations
-Show conservation - Same Liquid in 2 different containers
4. Formal Operational (11-Adult)
