D236-WGU Pathophysiology
1. What is accomplished Movement of molecules from an area of higher
by diffusion? concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2. Osmotic Diarrhea Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intes-
tine drawing water into the bowel.
3. BNP (B-type Natriuret- A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A higher
ic Peptide) value indicates this.
4. Pleural Effusion Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around
the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB),
Congestive Heart failure, Cancer, Pulmonary Em-
bolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest
pain, dullness to percussion, and diminished breath
sounds on affected side.
5. pH = 7.29 (Norm = Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs are NOT ventilating
7.35-7.45) correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = of pH (Caused by COPD, Infection, foreign body
22-26) obstruction, and severe asthma.
CO2 = 55 (Norm =
35-45)
Which cause is consis-
tent with these lab val-
ues?
6. How does the Respira- By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
tory System compen- Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (com-
sate for acid-base dis- pensates Metabolic Acidosis)
turbances? Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity
(compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
7. One symptom of Aci- Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying
dosis? to get rid of the CO2)
8. What describes a gene Homozygous (HH or hh)
when the same allele
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology
is inherited from both
parents?
9. What statement de- The fluid contained within the cells, making up
scribes the ICF (In- about 2/3 of the body's total water content.
tracellular Fluid) com-
partment?
10. Which two conditions State of diminished water volume in the body. A
will cause dehydration deficit of intracellular fluid causes body cells to
and increase water re- shrink.
quirements? Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
11. What are phagocytic Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
cells? Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12. Turner's Syndrome Complete or partial missing X-chromosome in fe-
(Short, webbed neck males
girl) S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of
neck, amenorrhea, short stature, infertility, vission
issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13. What are two symp- Genetic defect of Huntington gene
toms of Huntington's Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Disease? Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14. Which three issues Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Phys-
would children with ical Abnormalities
ND-PAE exhibit (fetal Causes birth defects and developmental disabili-
alcohol syndrome)? ties = Neurocognition, Self-regulation, and Adap-
tive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development,
vision/hearing issues, and smaller head & brain.
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology
15. Grade 1 Sprain Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little
or no joint instability.
16. Osteoarthritis Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold
weather
Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on fin-
gers
17. Melanoma Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize
via ABCDE's = Asymmetry/Border/Color/Diame-
ter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
18. Basal Cell Carcinoma Small dome-shaped bump covered by superficial
blood vessels (telangiectasis). Shiny, translucent,
and pearly in appearance.
TX: Surgery
19. Squamous Cell Carci- Red, crusted, scaly patch; non-healing ulcer, firm,
noma red nodule
TX: Surgery; Chemo/Radiation
20. Rule of Nines The face and back of head =4.5% each
Entire Head = 9%
Ant/Post Arm = 9%
Front leg = 9% and Back Leg = 9% (18%)
Torso (chest/abd) front = 18% and Torso
(chest/abd) Back = 18% (36%)
Genitalia = 1%
1. What is accomplished Movement of molecules from an area of higher
by diffusion? concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2. Osmotic Diarrhea Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intes-
tine drawing water into the bowel.
3. BNP (B-type Natriuret- A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A higher
ic Peptide) value indicates this.
4. Pleural Effusion Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around
the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB),
Congestive Heart failure, Cancer, Pulmonary Em-
bolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest
pain, dullness to percussion, and diminished breath
sounds on affected side.
5. pH = 7.29 (Norm = Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs are NOT ventilating
7.35-7.45) correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = of pH (Caused by COPD, Infection, foreign body
22-26) obstruction, and severe asthma.
CO2 = 55 (Norm =
35-45)
Which cause is consis-
tent with these lab val-
ues?
6. How does the Respira- By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
tory System compen- Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (com-
sate for acid-base dis- pensates Metabolic Acidosis)
turbances? Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity
(compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
7. One symptom of Aci- Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying
dosis? to get rid of the CO2)
8. What describes a gene Homozygous (HH or hh)
when the same allele
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology
is inherited from both
parents?
9. What statement de- The fluid contained within the cells, making up
scribes the ICF (In- about 2/3 of the body's total water content.
tracellular Fluid) com-
partment?
10. Which two conditions State of diminished water volume in the body. A
will cause dehydration deficit of intracellular fluid causes body cells to
and increase water re- shrink.
quirements? Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
11. What are phagocytic Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
cells? Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12. Turner's Syndrome Complete or partial missing X-chromosome in fe-
(Short, webbed neck males
girl) S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of
neck, amenorrhea, short stature, infertility, vission
issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13. What are two symp- Genetic defect of Huntington gene
toms of Huntington's Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Disease? Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14. Which three issues Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Phys-
would children with ical Abnormalities
ND-PAE exhibit (fetal Causes birth defects and developmental disabili-
alcohol syndrome)? ties = Neurocognition, Self-regulation, and Adap-
tive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development,
vision/hearing issues, and smaller head & brain.
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology
15. Grade 1 Sprain Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little
or no joint instability.
16. Osteoarthritis Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold
weather
Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on fin-
gers
17. Melanoma Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize
via ABCDE's = Asymmetry/Border/Color/Diame-
ter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
18. Basal Cell Carcinoma Small dome-shaped bump covered by superficial
blood vessels (telangiectasis). Shiny, translucent,
and pearly in appearance.
TX: Surgery
19. Squamous Cell Carci- Red, crusted, scaly patch; non-healing ulcer, firm,
noma red nodule
TX: Surgery; Chemo/Radiation
20. Rule of Nines The face and back of head =4.5% each
Entire Head = 9%
Ant/Post Arm = 9%
Front leg = 9% and Back Leg = 9% (18%)
Torso (chest/abd) front = 18% and Torso
(chest/abd) Back = 18% (36%)
Genitalia = 1%
