B234 Exam 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING
MATERIAL GRADED A.
What is primary prevention used for?
Healthy people and communities (no disease or illness)
What are examples of primary prevention?
Immunizations, family planning, food safety, hand hygiene, STD prevention
What is secondary prevention used for?
Targeted for those at risk of developing an illness/disease
What are examples of secondary prevention?
early/periodic health screenings,
What is tertiary prevention used for?
Targeted to those with diseases and aim to slow down deterioration
What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Nutritional counseling for diabetics, support groups for dementia, teaching healthy
nutrition to clients with hypertension
Which prevention technique should be prioritized the most?
Primary - it precedes illness and disease and directly reduces issues from arising
What is the goal of secondary prevention?
Early detection and treatment for better results
Who comes up with the Healthy People 2030 goals?
US Department of Health and Human Services
What is Healthy People 2030?
A comprehensive set of 10-year, national goals, and objectives for improving the health
of all Americans
What are the overall goals of Healthy People?
Increase quality of life and prevent premature death
What are the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030?
1. Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease
2. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy
3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote health
4. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being
5. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take
action to improve health
How many core, measurable objectives are included in Healthy People 2030?
359
How does Healthy People 2030 know they are making a difference?
They use evidence-based interventions with valid, reliable, nationally representative
data, including baseline data
What are the five social determinants of health?
Economic stability, access to and quality of education, access to and quality of health
care, neighborhood/built environment, and social and community context
,What is the definition of social determinants of health?
External factors that influence health
What are some examples of social disparities?
Birthplace, school, work, etc.
What are examples of socioeconomic factors that affect social determinants of
health?
Income, assets, wage, education, access to healthy food, transportation, community,
health literacy, access to medical care, insurance, english as a second language
What are some issues that arise in regards to health literacy?
Can you understand how to take your medicine? Do you understand what the doctor is
explaining to you?
evidence-based nursing - ANSWER integration of the best evidence available, nursing
expertise, and the values and preferences of the individuals, families, and communities
who are served
evidence and data - ANSWER evidence is driven by data; better data=better evidence
evidence hierarchy - ANSWER 1. systematic reviews
2.randomized controlled trials
3. cohort studies
4. case-controlled studies
5. case series/reports
6. editorials/expert opinions
primary sources - ANSWER original research studies upon which secondary literature is
based
secondary sources - ANSWER compilations of primary source research; evidence is not
original source evidence
epidemiology and disease - ANSWER epidemiology = classifying diseases by organ,
system, or agent
communicable disease - ANSWER infectious; transmissible; biological agent
non-communicable disease - ANSWER non-infectious; non-transmissible; causality
acute disease - ANSWER 3 months or less; complete recovery
acute communicable example - ANSWER cold
acute non-communicable example - ANSWER fracture
chronic - ANSWER longer than 3 months; slow/incomplete recovery
chronic communicable example - ANSWER HIV
,chronic non-communicable example - ANSWER diabetes
agent - ANSWER must be present for disease to occur
host - ANSWER susceptible organism
environment - ANSWER all other factors (physical, biological, social)
direct transmission - ANSWER immediate transfer/direct contact
indirect transmission - ANSWER transmission with an intermediate step (airborne,
vehicle borne, vector borne)
etiology meaning - ANSWER causality
main chronic diseases - ANSWER CVD, cancer, COPD, diabetes
leading cause of death - ANSWER coronary heart disease
second leading cause of death - ANSWER cancer
third leading cause of death - ANSWER COPD
fourth leading cause of death - ANSWER stroke
risk factors - ANSWER non-modifiable; modifiable
non-modifiable risk factor - ANSWER cannot be altered
modifiable risk factor - ANSWER can be altered
levels of prevention - ANSWER primary, secondary, tertiary
primary prevention example - ANSWER access to education, healthy environments, not
smoking, exercise, limited alcohol
secondary prevention example - ANSWER stress tests, blood pressure screenings, DUI
check points, mammograms
tertiary prevention example - ANSWER physical therapy
chain of infection - ANSWER pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of
entry
, social determinants of health - ANSWER conditions in which people are born, grow,
live, work and age
what shapes social determinants of health - ANSWER distribution of money, power, and
resources at global, national, and local levels
adherence - ANSWER self-initiated action taken to promote wellness, recovery, and
rehabilitation; people follow the instructions they are given for prescribed treatments
scope of adherence - ANSWER ranges from a total lack of adherence to complete
adherence
non-adherence - ANSWER complete omission
partial adherence: intentional - ANSWER adjusting dose/frequency (increase or
decrease)
partial adherence: non-intentional - ANSWER non-purposefully forgets/misses/neglects
dimensions of adherence - ANSWER compliance, persistence, concordance
what percentage of people don't adhere to their plan of care? - ANSWER 24.8%
health belief model - ANSWER perceptions that impact health behavior (threat,
susceptibility, severity, barriers, cues to action)
attributes of adherence - ANSWER decisional conflict, predictability, personal
experience, power conflict, agreement, alignment
individual characteristics on adherence - ANSWER demographic factors, psychological
factors, social support, past health behavior, somatic factors, health beliefs
economic factors on adherence - ANSWER financial costs (services, supplies,
medication)
cultural factors on adherence - ANSWER minority status, stigma
culture - ANSWER a pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles,
and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a
defined geographical region
enculturation - ANSWER the process by which a person learns the norms, values, and
behaviors of a culture
acculturation - ANSWER process of acquiring new attitudes, roles, roles, customs, or
behaviors as a result of contact with another culture
ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING
MATERIAL GRADED A.
What is primary prevention used for?
Healthy people and communities (no disease or illness)
What are examples of primary prevention?
Immunizations, family planning, food safety, hand hygiene, STD prevention
What is secondary prevention used for?
Targeted for those at risk of developing an illness/disease
What are examples of secondary prevention?
early/periodic health screenings,
What is tertiary prevention used for?
Targeted to those with diseases and aim to slow down deterioration
What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Nutritional counseling for diabetics, support groups for dementia, teaching healthy
nutrition to clients with hypertension
Which prevention technique should be prioritized the most?
Primary - it precedes illness and disease and directly reduces issues from arising
What is the goal of secondary prevention?
Early detection and treatment for better results
Who comes up with the Healthy People 2030 goals?
US Department of Health and Human Services
What is Healthy People 2030?
A comprehensive set of 10-year, national goals, and objectives for improving the health
of all Americans
What are the overall goals of Healthy People?
Increase quality of life and prevent premature death
What are the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030?
1. Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease
2. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy
3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote health
4. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being
5. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take
action to improve health
How many core, measurable objectives are included in Healthy People 2030?
359
How does Healthy People 2030 know they are making a difference?
They use evidence-based interventions with valid, reliable, nationally representative
data, including baseline data
What are the five social determinants of health?
Economic stability, access to and quality of education, access to and quality of health
care, neighborhood/built environment, and social and community context
,What is the definition of social determinants of health?
External factors that influence health
What are some examples of social disparities?
Birthplace, school, work, etc.
What are examples of socioeconomic factors that affect social determinants of
health?
Income, assets, wage, education, access to healthy food, transportation, community,
health literacy, access to medical care, insurance, english as a second language
What are some issues that arise in regards to health literacy?
Can you understand how to take your medicine? Do you understand what the doctor is
explaining to you?
evidence-based nursing - ANSWER integration of the best evidence available, nursing
expertise, and the values and preferences of the individuals, families, and communities
who are served
evidence and data - ANSWER evidence is driven by data; better data=better evidence
evidence hierarchy - ANSWER 1. systematic reviews
2.randomized controlled trials
3. cohort studies
4. case-controlled studies
5. case series/reports
6. editorials/expert opinions
primary sources - ANSWER original research studies upon which secondary literature is
based
secondary sources - ANSWER compilations of primary source research; evidence is not
original source evidence
epidemiology and disease - ANSWER epidemiology = classifying diseases by organ,
system, or agent
communicable disease - ANSWER infectious; transmissible; biological agent
non-communicable disease - ANSWER non-infectious; non-transmissible; causality
acute disease - ANSWER 3 months or less; complete recovery
acute communicable example - ANSWER cold
acute non-communicable example - ANSWER fracture
chronic - ANSWER longer than 3 months; slow/incomplete recovery
chronic communicable example - ANSWER HIV
,chronic non-communicable example - ANSWER diabetes
agent - ANSWER must be present for disease to occur
host - ANSWER susceptible organism
environment - ANSWER all other factors (physical, biological, social)
direct transmission - ANSWER immediate transfer/direct contact
indirect transmission - ANSWER transmission with an intermediate step (airborne,
vehicle borne, vector borne)
etiology meaning - ANSWER causality
main chronic diseases - ANSWER CVD, cancer, COPD, diabetes
leading cause of death - ANSWER coronary heart disease
second leading cause of death - ANSWER cancer
third leading cause of death - ANSWER COPD
fourth leading cause of death - ANSWER stroke
risk factors - ANSWER non-modifiable; modifiable
non-modifiable risk factor - ANSWER cannot be altered
modifiable risk factor - ANSWER can be altered
levels of prevention - ANSWER primary, secondary, tertiary
primary prevention example - ANSWER access to education, healthy environments, not
smoking, exercise, limited alcohol
secondary prevention example - ANSWER stress tests, blood pressure screenings, DUI
check points, mammograms
tertiary prevention example - ANSWER physical therapy
chain of infection - ANSWER pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of
entry
, social determinants of health - ANSWER conditions in which people are born, grow,
live, work and age
what shapes social determinants of health - ANSWER distribution of money, power, and
resources at global, national, and local levels
adherence - ANSWER self-initiated action taken to promote wellness, recovery, and
rehabilitation; people follow the instructions they are given for prescribed treatments
scope of adherence - ANSWER ranges from a total lack of adherence to complete
adherence
non-adherence - ANSWER complete omission
partial adherence: intentional - ANSWER adjusting dose/frequency (increase or
decrease)
partial adherence: non-intentional - ANSWER non-purposefully forgets/misses/neglects
dimensions of adherence - ANSWER compliance, persistence, concordance
what percentage of people don't adhere to their plan of care? - ANSWER 24.8%
health belief model - ANSWER perceptions that impact health behavior (threat,
susceptibility, severity, barriers, cues to action)
attributes of adherence - ANSWER decisional conflict, predictability, personal
experience, power conflict, agreement, alignment
individual characteristics on adherence - ANSWER demographic factors, psychological
factors, social support, past health behavior, somatic factors, health beliefs
economic factors on adherence - ANSWER financial costs (services, supplies,
medication)
cultural factors on adherence - ANSWER minority status, stigma
culture - ANSWER a pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles,
and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a
defined geographical region
enculturation - ANSWER the process by which a person learns the norms, values, and
behaviors of a culture
acculturation - ANSWER process of acquiring new attitudes, roles, roles, customs, or
behaviors as a result of contact with another culture
