NACE CIP 1 Exam

High-Voltage AC Holiday Detector - This uses a 110 V or 220 V power supply. The AC detector is based on the principle of the Tesla coil and does not use a ground wire. The probe emits a blue corona, which is attracted to any ground. High-Voltage Constant Current DC Holiday Detector - This instrument is used to detect coating holidays in dielectric coatings. Once the voltage is set, pass the electrode over the sur- face. A spark will arc through the air gap, causing the detector to emit an audible sound. High-Voltage Pulse-Type DC Holiday Detector - This instrument is ideal for use in moist conditions. Pass the electrode over the surface. A spark will arc through the air gap at any hol- idays, voids, or discontinuities, causing the detector to emit an audible sound. Low-Voltage Holiday Detector - This instrument is a sensitive, low-voltage (wetsponge) electronic device powered by a battery with output voltages ranging from 5-120 V DC. BMR (Base Metal Readings) - To adjust for surface roughness, measure the blast profile of the steel to be painted at a number of spots to obtain a representative average value. This average value is the base metal reading (BMR). DFT Gauge (Type 1) - instruments are described as magnetic pull-off gauges. The force required to pull a magnet from a ferrous surface is used to determine the film thickness. DFT Gauge (Type 2) - instruments are electronic gauges. They use electronic circuitry to convert a reference signal into coating thickness. BMR (Base Metal Readings) - To adjust for surface roughness, measure the blast profile of the steel to be painted at a number of spots to obtain a representative average value. This average value is the base metal reading (BMR). Wet Film Comb - Instrument used to measure film thickness. The comb is pushed into the film. Upon removal, the thickness mea- sure is shown on the gauge. Chlorides - are the salts of hydrochloric acid HCl. The chloride ion forms when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion Cl− (a negatively-charged ion). Nitrates - Nitrates are salts of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxy- gen atoms (NO−3). Soluble Salts - These are non-visible and require testing to determine their presence. Although they are termed "soluble" they really are not very soluble at all. Sulfates - are the salts of sulfuric acid; the IUPAC-recommended spelling is sulfate; the British English spelling is sulphate. Acidic Cleaners - Cleaners that remove soil by chemical attack; they dissolve the reaction products. They are usually composed of fairly strong acids, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4), with small quantities of surfactants, water-miscible solvents, and organic wetting and emulsi- fying agents. Alkaline Cleaners - Cleaners that saponify most oils and greases, and their surfaceactive components wash away other contaminants. These cleaners may also saponify certain coating vehicles. Ceramic Grit - Relatively expensive abrasives that are justified by their special properties. Their particles retain sharp cutting edges, and are especially effective on hard-base materials which may resist effective blasting by chilled cast iron grit. Crushed Slag - Relatively cheap abrasives that are formed from metallurgical processes or combustion. Copper-, nickel-, coal-, and aluminum-slag are common. Detergents - Cleaners that are composed of buffering salts, dispersants, soaps, and inhibitors. They function by wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, and solubilizing the contaminants, which can be washed away using water (usually hot) or steam. Dry Grit Blasting (Air Blasting) - Blasting that uses a highly concentrated stream of grit pro- jected at a surface to remove rust, mill scale, or other contaminants, creating a rough surface that is good for adhesion. Emulsion Cleaners - Cleaners that are sprayed onto the surface where they function by wet- ting, emulsifying, dispersing, and solubilizing the contaminants. Faying Surfaces - Surfaces joined to create a friction grip. Gouges - Sharp indentations in the coating. Inclusions - A non-metallic phase, such as an oxide, sulfide, or silicate particle in a metal. Organic Solvents - Solvents such as kerosene, turpentine, naphtha, mineral spirits, toluol, xylol, etc., that clean the metal by dissolving and diluting the oil and grease contamination on the surface. Pre-Cleaning - Check of the surfaces for contamination before surface preparation begins. Pre-cleaning involves removing all visible oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and other soluble contaminants from the surfaces Surface Lamination - The most common surface defect on steel substrates. It is typically caused by rolling the steel. Surface Profile (Anchor Pattern) - The irregular peak and valley profile on a bare surface that can result from operations such as abrasive blast cleaning or power tool cleaning. Venturi Nozzle - This blasting nozzle permits abrasive velocity up to 720 kph (450 mph), or 660 ft/s with an almost equal impact over the entire surface. Venturi nozzles are the most effective shape for tough cleaning jobs. Water Blasting - Use of water with abrasive included in the stream or using wet abrasive. If no abrasive is used, it is water cleaning or waterjetting. Waterjetting - Use of standard jetting water discharged from a nozzle at pressures of 70 MPa (10,000 psig) or greater to prepare a surface for coating. Weld Spatter - Particles of molten metal produced during welding and thrown onto the surface adjacent to the weld. Acrylic - A type of resin polymerized from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile. Alkyd - A type of resin formed by the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids, part of which is derived from saturated or unsaturated oils or fats. Convertible Coatings - Coatings that cure by one of several polymerization mechanisms, even when solvent evaporation is also involved. Chlorinated Rubber - One of the earliest corrosion resistant coatings; developed in the 1930s, they were widely used in many industries. Chlorinated rubber contains a large amount of VOC and its use has been almost eliminated in most parts of the world. Curing - Chemical process of developing the intended properties of a coating or other material (e.g., resin) over a period of time. Epoxy - A type of resin formed by the reaction of aliphatic or aromatic polyols (such as bisphenol) with epichlorohydrin and characterized by the presence of reactive oxirane end groups. Furan - A type of resin formed by the polymerization or polycondensation of furfuryl, furfuryl alcohol, or other compounds containing a furan ring. Latex Emulsions - Coatings that can contain a number of different resin particles that are covered with an emulsifier to keep them apart in the liquid stage. Nonconvertible Coatings - Coatings that cure by evaporation of the solvent. There is no chemical change to the resins as they transform from the liquid to solid state. Phenol - An organic chemical used in a very wide variety of manufactured items. Also known as carbolic acid. Thermosetting - A coating that is formed as a result of a chemical cross-linking reaction (oxidation, polymerization, chemical additive reaction, heat, or a combination of these). Thermoplastic - A material capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling. Additives - Liquid components of a coating, typically added in small amounts to perform a specific function.