PHC 6313 Final Exam questions with
verified answers
Climate Change - correct answer ✔✔refers to a statistically significant variations in either the mean state
of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)
-main source is human induced changes in atmospheric composition (causing greenhouse gases);
increased CO2 concentrations
global warming - correct answer ✔✔accelerating, with abrupt irreversible impacts that include earth's
average sea and surface temp rising; causes:
-increased sea level from ice caps melting
-changes in ocean salinity
-increased surface humidity
-increased number of precipitating changes
-decreased snow cover
-flooding
-hurricanes
-drought
-wildfires
weather - correct answer ✔✔refers to the continuously changing condition of the atmosphere, usually
considered on a time scale that extends from minutes to weeks
-SHORT TERM PERIOD
climate - correct answer ✔✔referes to the average State of the lower atmosphere and the associated
characteristics of the underlying land or water in a particular region, usually spanning at lease SEVERAL
YEARS-
LONG TERM!
climate variability - correct answer ✔✔variations around the average climate, including seasonal
variations and large-scale regions in atmospheric and ocean circulations (ENSO)
,climate change indicators - correct answer ✔✔Increased:
-global average surface temp
-surface humidity
-seas surface temp
-sea level
-salinity of ocean
-acidification of ocean
-warm days and nights
-heavy precipative events
Decreased:
-pH
-frost
-permafrost extent and thickness
-artic sea ice
increasing - correct answer ✔✔climate changed indicators are __________ :
-global average surface temp
-surface humidity
-seas surface temp
-sea level
-salinity of ocean
-acidification of ocean
-warm days and nights
-heavy precipative events
decreasing - correct answer ✔✔climate changed indicators are __________ :
-pH
,-frost
-permafrost extent and thickness
-artic sea ice
ocean temperature - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
warming, increasing rates of global mean sea rise, changes in salinity, acidification of ocean
land precipitation - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
temp, more frequent warm days and nights, reductions in number of frost days, degrading permafrost in
areal extent and thickness, large scale precipitation changes, increase in number of heavy precipitation
events
ice sea level - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
rising due to snow melting, changing in sheets in grenland and antartica, widespread glacier retreat,
shrinking annual average artic sea ice
temp, precipitation, sea level- rise due to snow melting
direct impact - correct answer ✔✔-climate change affecting health primarily related to changes in the
frequency of extreme weather including heat, drought and heavy rains, flood and storm damage, heat
stress, lightening strikes
indirect impact - correct answer ✔✔-climate change affecting health effects mediated through natural
systems, for example, disease vectors, water-borne diseases and air polution, allergens:
-drowning, injuries, hypothermia, infectious disease, famine, lack of fresh water;
-pathogen replication are sensitive to temperature;
-increased ozone production associated with rising temperature, wildfires, increase ED visits for heat
related illness;
-significant positive association between heat index and stroke/heart attack;
-higher number of ED visits for asthma associated with higher temp.
, socio-economic impacts - correct answer ✔✔effects mediated by human systems for example-
occupational impacts
-crop yields are proected to decrease in many developing countries, stressing food supplies
-a wider prevalence of malnutrition will be expected in many vulnerable regions
-malnutrition and undernutrition increase the severity of many infectious diseas, particularly among
children
health benefits - correct answer ✔✔the rise in minimum temperature has ____________
______________, the impacts on health of more frequent heat extremes greatly outweigh benefis of
fewer cold days.
flooding - correct answer ✔✔kills 100,000 people and affect 1.2 billion people
Exposure Pathways - correct answer ✔✔Climate Change:
-surface temp
-precipitation
-heat
-flood/storm
-sea level rise
III
Direct Indirect Social/
Exposure Exposure Economic
Disruption
I______________________I_______________________I
Public Helth Capacity and Adaptation
(preparation resources limited v. avail.)
I
Health Impacts:
-temp rel illnesses,
-extreme weather rel injury/death,
verified answers
Climate Change - correct answer ✔✔refers to a statistically significant variations in either the mean state
of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)
-main source is human induced changes in atmospheric composition (causing greenhouse gases);
increased CO2 concentrations
global warming - correct answer ✔✔accelerating, with abrupt irreversible impacts that include earth's
average sea and surface temp rising; causes:
-increased sea level from ice caps melting
-changes in ocean salinity
-increased surface humidity
-increased number of precipitating changes
-decreased snow cover
-flooding
-hurricanes
-drought
-wildfires
weather - correct answer ✔✔refers to the continuously changing condition of the atmosphere, usually
considered on a time scale that extends from minutes to weeks
-SHORT TERM PERIOD
climate - correct answer ✔✔referes to the average State of the lower atmosphere and the associated
characteristics of the underlying land or water in a particular region, usually spanning at lease SEVERAL
YEARS-
LONG TERM!
climate variability - correct answer ✔✔variations around the average climate, including seasonal
variations and large-scale regions in atmospheric and ocean circulations (ENSO)
,climate change indicators - correct answer ✔✔Increased:
-global average surface temp
-surface humidity
-seas surface temp
-sea level
-salinity of ocean
-acidification of ocean
-warm days and nights
-heavy precipative events
Decreased:
-pH
-frost
-permafrost extent and thickness
-artic sea ice
increasing - correct answer ✔✔climate changed indicators are __________ :
-global average surface temp
-surface humidity
-seas surface temp
-sea level
-salinity of ocean
-acidification of ocean
-warm days and nights
-heavy precipative events
decreasing - correct answer ✔✔climate changed indicators are __________ :
-pH
,-frost
-permafrost extent and thickness
-artic sea ice
ocean temperature - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
warming, increasing rates of global mean sea rise, changes in salinity, acidification of ocean
land precipitation - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
temp, more frequent warm days and nights, reductions in number of frost days, degrading permafrost in
areal extent and thickness, large scale precipitation changes, increase in number of heavy precipitation
events
ice sea level - correct answer ✔✔indicator for climate change:
rising due to snow melting, changing in sheets in grenland and antartica, widespread glacier retreat,
shrinking annual average artic sea ice
temp, precipitation, sea level- rise due to snow melting
direct impact - correct answer ✔✔-climate change affecting health primarily related to changes in the
frequency of extreme weather including heat, drought and heavy rains, flood and storm damage, heat
stress, lightening strikes
indirect impact - correct answer ✔✔-climate change affecting health effects mediated through natural
systems, for example, disease vectors, water-borne diseases and air polution, allergens:
-drowning, injuries, hypothermia, infectious disease, famine, lack of fresh water;
-pathogen replication are sensitive to temperature;
-increased ozone production associated with rising temperature, wildfires, increase ED visits for heat
related illness;
-significant positive association between heat index and stroke/heart attack;
-higher number of ED visits for asthma associated with higher temp.
, socio-economic impacts - correct answer ✔✔effects mediated by human systems for example-
occupational impacts
-crop yields are proected to decrease in many developing countries, stressing food supplies
-a wider prevalence of malnutrition will be expected in many vulnerable regions
-malnutrition and undernutrition increase the severity of many infectious diseas, particularly among
children
health benefits - correct answer ✔✔the rise in minimum temperature has ____________
______________, the impacts on health of more frequent heat extremes greatly outweigh benefis of
fewer cold days.
flooding - correct answer ✔✔kills 100,000 people and affect 1.2 billion people
Exposure Pathways - correct answer ✔✔Climate Change:
-surface temp
-precipitation
-heat
-flood/storm
-sea level rise
III
Direct Indirect Social/
Exposure Exposure Economic
Disruption
I______________________I_______________________I
Public Helth Capacity and Adaptation
(preparation resources limited v. avail.)
I
Health Impacts:
-temp rel illnesses,
-extreme weather rel injury/death,
