NCP 2 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
Urinary retention - Answer--accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to
empty
bladder does not empty completely during voiding
obstruction somewhere
acute or rapid onset urinary retention - Answer--stretches the bladder → feelings of
pressure, discomfort/pain, tenderness
-some patients may not be able to void for several hours
-some will experience frequency, urgency, small-volume voiding, or incontinence of
small volumes of urine
Chronic urinary retention - Answer--slow gradual onset
-patients can experience a decrease in voiding volumes, straining to void, frequency,
urgency, incontinence, and sensations of incomplete emptying
Post void residual - Answer-amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding and is
measured by ultrasound or straight catheter
overflow incontinence - Answer-incontinence caused by urinary retention
-patient will dribble urine
Transient Incontinence - Answer-caused by medical conditions that in many cases are
treatable and reversible
common causes of transient incontinence - Answer-delirium
inflammation
medications
excessive output
mobility impairment
fecal imapaction
depression
acute urinary retention
nursing intervention for transiet incontinence - Answer--look for reversible causes
-notify HCP
Functional incontinence - Answer--cause OUTSIDE the urinary tract
-usually related to functional deficits such as alt. mobility and dexterity, cogn
impairment, poor motivation, or environment
-result of caregivers not responding in timely manner to requests for help w/ toileting
,Toilet access for functional incontinence can be restricted by - Answer-sensory
impairments
cogn impairments
alt. mobility
alt manual dexterity
environmental barriers
nursing interventions for functional incontinence - Answer--adequate lighting
-individualized toileting program
-mobility aides
-toilet area cleared to allow access for walker or wheelchair
-elastic-waist pants without buttons or zippers
-call bell within reach
-habit training
-use of incontinence containment product
-applied devices: penile clamps, condom catheter, intermittent catheterization
Overflow Urinary Incontinence - Answer-involuntary loss of urine caused by an
overdistended bladder (often related to bladder outlet obstruction or poor bladder
emptying because of weak or absent bladder contractions)
Characteristics of Overflow Urinary Incontinence - Answer--distended bladder on
palpation
-high postvoid residual
-frequency
-involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine
-nocturia
Nursing interventions for overflow urinary incontinence - Answer--individualized
-timed voids
-double voiding
-monitor postvoid residual
-intermittent catheterization
severe retention --> intermittent catheterization/indwelling
Stress urinary incontinence - Answer-involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine
associated with increased intraabdominal pressure
-associated with childbirth, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, acquired anatomic damage to
sphincter (from surgeries) , and vaginal prolapse
Urge Incontinence - Answer-involuntary passage of urine often associated with strong
sense of urgency -->related to overactive bladder caused by neurological problems,
inflammation, BPH, bladder irritants, bladder cancer, or obstruction
-idiopathic
, Nursing interventions for stress incontinence - Answer-pelvic muscle exercises
Weight reduction for patients who are obese
Smoking cessation
Pelvic muscle therapy
Vaginal cone therapy
Bladder training
Estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women
Electrical stimulation
Magnetic resonance therapy
Pessary devices
Surgery includes slings,
bladder suspension,
injection of bulking agents
prostatectomy
S/S of stress incontinence - Answer-small volume loss of urine with coughing, laughing,
exercise, walking, getting up from chair
-usually does not leak urine at night when sleeping
S/S of urge incontinence - Answer--urgency
-frequency
-nocturia
-difficulty or unable to hold urine
-leaks on way to bathroom
-leaks larger volumes of urine
-dribbles small amounts
-strong urge/leaks
Nursing Interventions for urge incontinence - Answer--ask about S/S of UTI
-avoid bladder irritants (caffeine/alc)
-pelvic muscle exercises
-bladder training
-weight loss for obese patients
-smoking cessation
-drug therapy (if bladder training doesnt work)
-electric stimulation device
-surgery
Reflex urinary incontinence - Answer--involuntary loss of urine occurring at somewhat
predictable intervals when patient reaches specific bladder volume related to spinal cord
damage
Correct Answers
Urinary retention - Answer--accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to
empty
bladder does not empty completely during voiding
obstruction somewhere
acute or rapid onset urinary retention - Answer--stretches the bladder → feelings of
pressure, discomfort/pain, tenderness
-some patients may not be able to void for several hours
-some will experience frequency, urgency, small-volume voiding, or incontinence of
small volumes of urine
Chronic urinary retention - Answer--slow gradual onset
-patients can experience a decrease in voiding volumes, straining to void, frequency,
urgency, incontinence, and sensations of incomplete emptying
Post void residual - Answer-amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding and is
measured by ultrasound or straight catheter
overflow incontinence - Answer-incontinence caused by urinary retention
-patient will dribble urine
Transient Incontinence - Answer-caused by medical conditions that in many cases are
treatable and reversible
common causes of transient incontinence - Answer-delirium
inflammation
medications
excessive output
mobility impairment
fecal imapaction
depression
acute urinary retention
nursing intervention for transiet incontinence - Answer--look for reversible causes
-notify HCP
Functional incontinence - Answer--cause OUTSIDE the urinary tract
-usually related to functional deficits such as alt. mobility and dexterity, cogn
impairment, poor motivation, or environment
-result of caregivers not responding in timely manner to requests for help w/ toileting
,Toilet access for functional incontinence can be restricted by - Answer-sensory
impairments
cogn impairments
alt. mobility
alt manual dexterity
environmental barriers
nursing interventions for functional incontinence - Answer--adequate lighting
-individualized toileting program
-mobility aides
-toilet area cleared to allow access for walker or wheelchair
-elastic-waist pants without buttons or zippers
-call bell within reach
-habit training
-use of incontinence containment product
-applied devices: penile clamps, condom catheter, intermittent catheterization
Overflow Urinary Incontinence - Answer-involuntary loss of urine caused by an
overdistended bladder (often related to bladder outlet obstruction or poor bladder
emptying because of weak or absent bladder contractions)
Characteristics of Overflow Urinary Incontinence - Answer--distended bladder on
palpation
-high postvoid residual
-frequency
-involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine
-nocturia
Nursing interventions for overflow urinary incontinence - Answer--individualized
-timed voids
-double voiding
-monitor postvoid residual
-intermittent catheterization
severe retention --> intermittent catheterization/indwelling
Stress urinary incontinence - Answer-involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine
associated with increased intraabdominal pressure
-associated with childbirth, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, acquired anatomic damage to
sphincter (from surgeries) , and vaginal prolapse
Urge Incontinence - Answer-involuntary passage of urine often associated with strong
sense of urgency -->related to overactive bladder caused by neurological problems,
inflammation, BPH, bladder irritants, bladder cancer, or obstruction
-idiopathic
, Nursing interventions for stress incontinence - Answer-pelvic muscle exercises
Weight reduction for patients who are obese
Smoking cessation
Pelvic muscle therapy
Vaginal cone therapy
Bladder training
Estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women
Electrical stimulation
Magnetic resonance therapy
Pessary devices
Surgery includes slings,
bladder suspension,
injection of bulking agents
prostatectomy
S/S of stress incontinence - Answer-small volume loss of urine with coughing, laughing,
exercise, walking, getting up from chair
-usually does not leak urine at night when sleeping
S/S of urge incontinence - Answer--urgency
-frequency
-nocturia
-difficulty or unable to hold urine
-leaks on way to bathroom
-leaks larger volumes of urine
-dribbles small amounts
-strong urge/leaks
Nursing Interventions for urge incontinence - Answer--ask about S/S of UTI
-avoid bladder irritants (caffeine/alc)
-pelvic muscle exercises
-bladder training
-weight loss for obese patients
-smoking cessation
-drug therapy (if bladder training doesnt work)
-electric stimulation device
-surgery
Reflex urinary incontinence - Answer--involuntary loss of urine occurring at somewhat
predictable intervals when patient reaches specific bladder volume related to spinal cord
damage
