CMN141 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+
Uses and gratification approach - Answers focuses more on media functions, audience's gratification and
uses. view of audience changes from passive to active. seek out specific media for specific gratifications.
responds to different messages, use messages differently, and respond differently. Examines the
motivations and behavior of viewers, or how and why they use media.
Major functions of media - Answers survey the environment, make sense of it all, transmit social norms
and customs
parasocial interaction - Answers viewers feel as though they personally know certain television and film
characters and personalities simply because they see and hear them so often.
escapism - Answers allows viewers to escape from real-life problems.
transactional model - Answers two factors in combination produce an effect: the characteristics of the
message and the psychological orientation of the audience member. combines the direct effects model
and the individual differences model of years past.
gratification-seeking model - Answers particular kinds of gratification sought by the viewer, determine
the viewer's attention
audience activity model - Answers depend on the involvement with the message and behavorial
intention of the viewer
expectancy-value model - Answers examines the gratifications along with the outcomes expected
uses and dependency model - Answers certain elements in the media system cause people to use and
depend on the media.
ritualized orientation - Answers habitual use of the media to pass time
instrumental use - Answers active and goal-orientated use of the media
lasswell & Wright surveillance - Answers monitoring and report what is going on the world around
people
lasswell & Wright correlation - Answers providing an overview of various components of the overall
environment (how various social events are linked to each others)
lasswell & Wright socialization - Answers transmit social norms and customs to new generations
gratification niche study - Answers can old media survive, what is the relationship between the uses of
email and telephone. Two possibilities: displacement- amount of email use is negatively related to
telephone use. Complement: mutually suppling each other's lack
, gratification niche study niche - Answers a focused and specialized market, unique position in the
resource space of the environment.
gratification niche study gratifications - Answers meeting of the needs of consumers/audiences
(perceived) usefulness of a medium
gratification niche study findings - Answers some displacement, moderate overlap, uniqueness of each
(telephone is about relationships and email is about convenience
Media dependency theory - Answers greater dependence on media, and thus stronger media effects at
the time of heightened social change or crisis. For interpretation, information, explanation
Media dependency theory argument - Answers media has strong influence on audience at time of crisis.
greater reliance on a medium, stronger effects the medium
Media violence and aggression behavior - Answers disinhibition, violent or criminal behavior, aggressive
tendency
Media violence and aggression perceptions - Answers social acceptability of violent behaviors
Media violence and aggression attitudes and values - Answers desensitization, endorsement of violence,
negativity/indifference toward vulnerable groups
Media violence and aggression arousal - Answers physiological excitation, fright reactions
social learning theory - Answers people learn new behavior through overt reinforcement or punishment
or via learning from models. if people observe positive, desired outcomes in the observed behavior, they
are more likely to model, imitate, and adopt the behavior themselves.
theoretical explanations of media violence - Answers priming-cues activation aggression-related ideas
excitation transfer - Answers arousal->violent/aggressive reactions
Media violence research methods laboratory experiments - Answers strictly controlled experiments,
designed to show a causal relationship
Media violence and aggression field experiment - Answers take place among children in an institutional
setting, avoid the problem of unnaturalness
Media violence and aggression correlational surveys - Answers survey conducted to find a correlation
between consumption of violent media and aggressive behavior. (Ex. viewers select titles they watch
regularly and their aggressiveness is measured) cannot demonstrate a causal relationship with certainty
Media violence and aggression longitudinal panel studies - Answers identify relationships between
consumption of violent fare and antisocial attitudes and behaviors that develop over time, take into
account that exposure to media violence has a cumulative effect over time
Uses and gratification approach - Answers focuses more on media functions, audience's gratification and
uses. view of audience changes from passive to active. seek out specific media for specific gratifications.
responds to different messages, use messages differently, and respond differently. Examines the
motivations and behavior of viewers, or how and why they use media.
Major functions of media - Answers survey the environment, make sense of it all, transmit social norms
and customs
parasocial interaction - Answers viewers feel as though they personally know certain television and film
characters and personalities simply because they see and hear them so often.
escapism - Answers allows viewers to escape from real-life problems.
transactional model - Answers two factors in combination produce an effect: the characteristics of the
message and the psychological orientation of the audience member. combines the direct effects model
and the individual differences model of years past.
gratification-seeking model - Answers particular kinds of gratification sought by the viewer, determine
the viewer's attention
audience activity model - Answers depend on the involvement with the message and behavorial
intention of the viewer
expectancy-value model - Answers examines the gratifications along with the outcomes expected
uses and dependency model - Answers certain elements in the media system cause people to use and
depend on the media.
ritualized orientation - Answers habitual use of the media to pass time
instrumental use - Answers active and goal-orientated use of the media
lasswell & Wright surveillance - Answers monitoring and report what is going on the world around
people
lasswell & Wright correlation - Answers providing an overview of various components of the overall
environment (how various social events are linked to each others)
lasswell & Wright socialization - Answers transmit social norms and customs to new generations
gratification niche study - Answers can old media survive, what is the relationship between the uses of
email and telephone. Two possibilities: displacement- amount of email use is negatively related to
telephone use. Complement: mutually suppling each other's lack
, gratification niche study niche - Answers a focused and specialized market, unique position in the
resource space of the environment.
gratification niche study gratifications - Answers meeting of the needs of consumers/audiences
(perceived) usefulness of a medium
gratification niche study findings - Answers some displacement, moderate overlap, uniqueness of each
(telephone is about relationships and email is about convenience
Media dependency theory - Answers greater dependence on media, and thus stronger media effects at
the time of heightened social change or crisis. For interpretation, information, explanation
Media dependency theory argument - Answers media has strong influence on audience at time of crisis.
greater reliance on a medium, stronger effects the medium
Media violence and aggression behavior - Answers disinhibition, violent or criminal behavior, aggressive
tendency
Media violence and aggression perceptions - Answers social acceptability of violent behaviors
Media violence and aggression attitudes and values - Answers desensitization, endorsement of violence,
negativity/indifference toward vulnerable groups
Media violence and aggression arousal - Answers physiological excitation, fright reactions
social learning theory - Answers people learn new behavior through overt reinforcement or punishment
or via learning from models. if people observe positive, desired outcomes in the observed behavior, they
are more likely to model, imitate, and adopt the behavior themselves.
theoretical explanations of media violence - Answers priming-cues activation aggression-related ideas
excitation transfer - Answers arousal->violent/aggressive reactions
Media violence research methods laboratory experiments - Answers strictly controlled experiments,
designed to show a causal relationship
Media violence and aggression field experiment - Answers take place among children in an institutional
setting, avoid the problem of unnaturalness
Media violence and aggression correlational surveys - Answers survey conducted to find a correlation
between consumption of violent media and aggressive behavior. (Ex. viewers select titles they watch
regularly and their aggressiveness is measured) cannot demonstrate a causal relationship with certainty
Media violence and aggression longitudinal panel studies - Answers identify relationships between
consumption of violent fare and antisocial attitudes and behaviors that develop over time, take into
account that exposure to media violence has a cumulative effect over time
