EBD Exam 2 With Complete Solutions
Name the Descriptive studies. Name the Analytical studies.
Which ones are Hypothesis driven? - ANSWER Descriptive studies: Case reports, Case
series, Cross-sectional studies, Ecological studies
Analytical studies (hypothesis driven): Observational studies (cohort and case-control
studies) and Experimental studies (RCT)
What are the Steps of a RCT? - ANSWER Formulate Hypothesis
Perform Power analysis
Allocate subjects to comparison groups
Administer treatment, Measure outcomes
Data analysis
Ethical considerations
How do you determine the Sample size? - ANSWER Perform a Power analysis
How do you perform a Power analysis? (What 3 pieces of information are needed?) -
ANSWER Choose size of effect interested in detecting (what is clinically important)
Choose the Power (80 or 90%)
Choose Significance: p=0.05
What is the function of the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria? - ANSWER Makes the
samples very exact: controls the groups being studied
*Reduces Measurement error*
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria should have both ______ and ______ definitions. -
, ANSWER Unambiguous and Exact
What is the purpose of Stratification? - ANSWER Deals with the problem of Confounding
in a study
(allows you to look at factors like age within the study)
How do you get rid of Selection bias? - ANSWER Randomization
T/F
You always find Descriptive Statistics in an RTC - ANSWER True
What does Blinding accomplish? - ANSWER Reduces Information bias
Why is information bias difficult to deal with in the dental profession? - ANSWER It is a
surgical profession
The dental professional knows what treatment is being administered making it difficult
to Blind
Who is 'blinded' when double blinding in a RCT? How would you make it a Triple blind
study? - ANSWER People taking measurements
People participating in the study
Triple blind: blind the statisticians as well
What kind of Control groups can you have? Which one is usually used? - ANSWER No
treatment: passive control (tends to be unethical)
Placebo: substance without active component
Standard treatment: Positive control (usually used)
What kind of problem is an Intent to Treat problem? - ANSWER Dropouts in the study
Name the Descriptive studies. Name the Analytical studies.
Which ones are Hypothesis driven? - ANSWER Descriptive studies: Case reports, Case
series, Cross-sectional studies, Ecological studies
Analytical studies (hypothesis driven): Observational studies (cohort and case-control
studies) and Experimental studies (RCT)
What are the Steps of a RCT? - ANSWER Formulate Hypothesis
Perform Power analysis
Allocate subjects to comparison groups
Administer treatment, Measure outcomes
Data analysis
Ethical considerations
How do you determine the Sample size? - ANSWER Perform a Power analysis
How do you perform a Power analysis? (What 3 pieces of information are needed?) -
ANSWER Choose size of effect interested in detecting (what is clinically important)
Choose the Power (80 or 90%)
Choose Significance: p=0.05
What is the function of the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria? - ANSWER Makes the
samples very exact: controls the groups being studied
*Reduces Measurement error*
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria should have both ______ and ______ definitions. -
, ANSWER Unambiguous and Exact
What is the purpose of Stratification? - ANSWER Deals with the problem of Confounding
in a study
(allows you to look at factors like age within the study)
How do you get rid of Selection bias? - ANSWER Randomization
T/F
You always find Descriptive Statistics in an RTC - ANSWER True
What does Blinding accomplish? - ANSWER Reduces Information bias
Why is information bias difficult to deal with in the dental profession? - ANSWER It is a
surgical profession
The dental professional knows what treatment is being administered making it difficult
to Blind
Who is 'blinded' when double blinding in a RCT? How would you make it a Triple blind
study? - ANSWER People taking measurements
People participating in the study
Triple blind: blind the statisticians as well
What kind of Control groups can you have? Which one is usually used? - ANSWER No
treatment: passive control (tends to be unethical)
Placebo: substance without active component
Standard treatment: Positive control (usually used)
What kind of problem is an Intent to Treat problem? - ANSWER Dropouts in the study
