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Exam (elaborations)

Operations management

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Operations management

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Operations Management
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Operations Management










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Institution
Operations Management
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Operations Management

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Uploaded on
October 23, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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10/23/24, 12:10 <font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align:
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concepts and elements of the production system.


Operations management

(TOPIC 1) The production system
What is production?
The series of activities that must be developed to obtain a
certain good. (OWN ACTIVITY)
- TECHNICAL ACCEPTANCE -process of transformation of some goods into
others. It is not It is necessary to modify its own properties. There is production if
competition is increased.
of goods and services to satisfy needs
-ECONOMIC ACCEPTANCE -process of transformation of some
goods into others,where:m-value,output greater than m-value,input


1.1. Concepts and elements of the production system.
Production management or operations management?

Direction of production (from the 30s to the 50s) :
• Dissemination of Taylor's work (Scientific Management). •Economic
efficiency is what essential. •Psychologists, sociologists, economists, engineers and
mathematicians are involved.


Operations Management (during the 70s):
• The service sector gains importance (change from production to operations).
• Eliminates the idea that it is a function of engineers. •Proposes that this
function must be integrated with the overall strategy.

1.1. Concepts and elements of the production system.

INPUTS: •Labor •Raw materials •Equipment/facilities •Energy
• Information
PRODUCTION PROCESS •Technology -Set of techniques to produce a good
.It includes both physical assets (machines, tools and facilities)
and necessary knowledge
OUTPUTS: •Goods •Services •By-products (waste, elements)
contaminants, etc.) SUCH AS FOR EXAMPLE THE REMAINS OF MARBLE

IN THIS PRODUCTION PROCESS WE CAN SEE THE FEEDBACK THAT
IT MEANS THAT IF THE GOODS AND SERVICES HAVE NOT HAD SALES SUCCESS IT IS
FOR SOMETHING THEN THEY COME BACK TO THE ENTRANCE AGAIN AND TRY TO SEARCH
MORE INFORMATION FOR EXAMPLE.




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Feedback: Once the products have been obtained, a check is carried out on their suitability.
)capacity) of the inputs and the production process

INPUTS
• Creative factors: design of the production system (R&D). •Device factors:
SP address: Planning, Organization, Control. •Elementary factors: labor, raw materials
raw materials, energy, etc. •Fixed factors: they do not change in the short term (machinery,
• Variable factors: they are easily altered in the short
term (energy, raw materials, etc.)


DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOODS AND SERVICES

1-Services are normally intangible and goods tangible.
2 – Los servicios se producen y consumen simultáneamente.
No existe un stock almacenable.
3 – Los bienes suelen estar estandarizados o tienen algunos
componentes que lo están. La mayoría de los servicios son únicos y
varían de una persona a otra.
4 – Los servicios mantienen una alta interacción con el cliente y
suelen requerir un trato personalizado

Diferencias en la dirección de su producción

: •En los inventarios: Los servicios no se almacenan… Previsiones + precisas
• En medición de la calidad: más difícil de controlar en los servicios
• En dispersión geográfica de centros de producción (mayor en servicios).
• En el grado de integración entre marketing y producción (mayor en servicios).


EFICACIA: Mide las salidas (outputs) sin tener en cuenta las entradas (inputs)


EFICIENCIA: compara las salidas con las entradas.

Eficiencia técnica:SALIDA ÚTIL / ENTRADAS menor igual a 1
• Usa unidades físicas. •Consumo de factores > producto útil (defectos, mermas,
roturas...) •Mayor eficiencia cuando menor despilfarro.

Eficiencia económica: VALOR SALIDA ÚTIL/ VALOR ENTRADAS mayor
que 1 → product. desde una perspectiva monetaria
• Usa unidades monetarias.
• Mayor eficiencia cuando mayor es el valor del producto respecto al coste de los
factores.




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1.3. Tipos básicos de procesos de producción


OBJETIVO = Max VALOR SALIDA ÚTIL/VALOR ENTRADAS

Las empresas típicas que tienen un alto volumen de producción tratan de reducir
los costes logrando una ventaja.

1.2. Objetivos del sistema de producción.
Los principales objetivos de la dirección de operaciones :
• Costes, se intentan minimizar.
• Calidad, características del producto (prestaciones, fiabilidad, conformidad con
especificaciones, durabilidad, etc.).RES
• Confiabilidad, confianza en la entrega de un producto.RES
• Flexibilidad, capacidad para adaptarse a un cambio en el diseño del producto o
del volumen de producción.RES
• Productividad : Capacidad productiva de un determinado factor o de una
determinada combinacion de factores

PRODUCTIVIDAD
Concepto técnico : produccion útil / factores empleados →
eficiencia técnica

-eficiencia económica → valor PRODUCCIÓN ÚTIL
/VALOR FACTORES EMPLEADOS(COSTES ← →
PRODUCTIVIDAD)

Las bajadas de costes se traducen en aumento del beneficio:□
** disminuye el precio de los outputs, aumentan sus ventas →
MEJORA DEL BENEFICIO
** mantener el precio de venta (COSTES BAJOS), aumenta el margen
unitario, → mejora el beneficio.

Ante subidas en los costes las empresas□□
** Aumento del precio de los outputs.
**Mejorar la productividad (técnica) de los factores




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