Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
Muscarinic Responses by location a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary muscle focuses lens for
near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis (constriction)
b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects causes voiding
of bladder
e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes), Veins, Sex organs,
Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response - Heart: Increased rate and velocity
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys - Kidney: Dilation of kidney vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... Urinary Retention
Bethanechol investigational uses Gastroesophageal reflux , treat disorders associated with
GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications Do not use with patients with latent or active asthma and
urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol Administer 1 hr before or 2
hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken with food
Pilocarpine treats... •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to SLUDGE & killer B's.
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI cramping, Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing narrowing of the bronchi
Bronchorrhea the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum
How to treat Cholinergic Crisis manage with mechanical ventilation & atropine
(muscarinic receptor antagonist), suctioning may be needed
And Answers
Muscarinic Responses by location a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary muscle focuses lens for
near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis (constriction)
b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects causes voiding
of bladder
e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes), Veins, Sex organs,
Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response - Heart: Increased rate and velocity
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys - Kidney: Dilation of kidney vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... Urinary Retention
Bethanechol investigational uses Gastroesophageal reflux , treat disorders associated with
GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications Do not use with patients with latent or active asthma and
urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
, Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI Questions
And Answers
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol Administer 1 hr before or 2
hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken with food
Pilocarpine treats... •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to SLUDGE & killer B's.
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI cramping, Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing narrowing of the bronchi
Bronchorrhea the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum
How to treat Cholinergic Crisis manage with mechanical ventilation & atropine
(muscarinic receptor antagonist), suctioning may be needed
