©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AACN PCCN Review: Renal Exam Questions and
Answers
Functions of the kidneys - Ans:✔✔-a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - Ans:✔✔-Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Page 1/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red blood cells --> increase 02
carrying capacity
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone marrow to become stem cells
and produce Red blood cells
Blood work to assess renal function - Ans:✔✔-Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Page 2/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Renal function tests - Ans:✔✔-b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - Ans:✔✔-a. Acute renal failure affects many body systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
Page 3/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - Ans:✔✔-Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent, irreversible condition in
which the kidneys cease
to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF, ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - Ans:✔✔-Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - Ans:✔✔-Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - Ans:✔✔-1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
Renal Failure Medcations - Ans:✔✔-hypertensive drugs
phosphate binder --> RF has high phosphate levels
Calcium supplement --> when phosphate goes up, calcium goes down
Bicarbonate
all drugs just treat symptoms
Page 4/33
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AACN PCCN Review: Renal Exam Questions and
Answers
Functions of the kidneys - Ans:✔✔-a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - Ans:✔✔-Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Page 1/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red blood cells --> increase 02
carrying capacity
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone marrow to become stem cells
and produce Red blood cells
Blood work to assess renal function - Ans:✔✔-Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Page 2/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Renal function tests - Ans:✔✔-b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - Ans:✔✔-a. Acute renal failure affects many body systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
Page 3/33
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - Ans:✔✔-Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent, irreversible condition in
which the kidneys cease
to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF, ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - Ans:✔✔-Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - Ans:✔✔-Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - Ans:✔✔-1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
Renal Failure Medcations - Ans:✔✔-hypertensive drugs
phosphate binder --> RF has high phosphate levels
Calcium supplement --> when phosphate goes up, calcium goes down
Bicarbonate
all drugs just treat symptoms
Page 4/33
