NURS 505 ALL EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Stress typically results in hypoglycemia. - Answers-False
Stress typically leads to increased blood glucose levels due to the sympathetic nervous
system control.
What is the most prevalent mineralocorticoid that regulates fluid balance? - Answers-
Aldosterone
The mineralocorticoids (aldosterone is the most prevalent naturally occurring
mineralocorticoid) exert a major influence on regulating potassium, sodium, and water
balance.
Symptoms including severe tachycardia, fever, dehydration, heart failure, and coma are
consistent with which of the following? - Answers-Thyroid storm
Thyroid storm is a crisis or life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggeration
of the usual physiologic response seen in hyperthyroidism. Whereas hyperthyroidism
can cause symptoms such as sweating, feeling hot, palpitations, and weight loss, the
symptoms of thyroid storm are more severe, resulting in complications such as fever,
rapid heart rate, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, irregular heart beat, weakness, heart failure,
confusion/disorientation, and coma.
A 31-year-old woman is being treated with fludrocortisone for Addison disease. In
addition to monitoring the client's urinary output, what other assessment should the
nurse prioritize? - Answers-Blood pressure
Fludrocortisone acts on the distal renal tubule to enhance the reabsorption of sodium
and to increase the urinary excretion of both potassium and hydrogen ions. In small oral
doses, the mineralocorticoid effects of fludrocortisone predominate: urinary excretion of
potassium, marked sodium retention, and a rise in blood pressure as a result of the
physiologic effects of these electrolyte levels. The level of consciousness is not affected
by fludrocortisone unless there are significant changes in the fluid balance.
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? Select all
that apply: - Answers-Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? Select all
that apply: - Answers-GH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
, Systemic antidiarrheals, such as loperamide (Imodium), decrease the number and
liquidity of stools by which of the following mechanisms? - Answers-Decreasing
intestinal motility
The nurse is caring for a patient who is going home on sucralfate (Carafate). The nurse
would teach the patient to take sucralfate: - Answers-before meals.
A patient has been admitted to the unit with salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome. The
patient is taking fludrocortisone (Florinef) for replacement therapy in combination with a
glucocorticoid. The nurse would know that high-dose fludrocortisone requires the nurse
to monitor for: - Answers-an increase in sodium and water retention along with
potassium depletion.
Increased doses of fludrocortisone may result in excess retention of sodium and water
along with potassium depletion. Hypokalemia does not occur nor are sodium and water
depleted or potassium retained. This drug is usually given in combination with a
glucocorticoid. Therefore, toxic effects would not be expected.
Which of the following is the correct rationale for why the nurse would administer a
laxative at a separate time from the client's other medications? - Answers-Laxatives
may reduce absorption of other drugs present in the GI tract.
A woman with numerous chronic health problems has been diagnosed with a benign
gastric ulcer has begun treatment with ranitidine (Zantac). Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse provide to this patient?
"This drug will help to eliminate the bacteria in your stomach that caused your ulcer."
"You should eat several small meals each day rather than three larger meals."
"Take each dose of ranitidine with an antacid of your choice."
"Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug will heal your
ulcer." - Answers-"Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug
will heal your ulcer."
Smoking reverses the drug-induced inhibition of nocturnal gastric acid production and
hinders ulcer healing.
A patient has been prescribed a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist for the treatment
of GERD. Why are H2RAs more effective than H1 receptor antagonists in the treatment
of diseases of the upper GI tract? - Answers-The parietal cells of the stomach have H2
receptors but not H1 receptors.
The patient has Maalox ordered for administration before meals. Which of the following
conditions is contraindicated with the administration of Maalox? - Answers-Renal
dysfunction
About 80% of water, sodium, potassium, and other substances are reabsorbed during
renal processing; the remaining 20% enters the loop of Henle. What substance is
reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? - Answers-Sodium
Stress typically results in hypoglycemia. - Answers-False
Stress typically leads to increased blood glucose levels due to the sympathetic nervous
system control.
What is the most prevalent mineralocorticoid that regulates fluid balance? - Answers-
Aldosterone
The mineralocorticoids (aldosterone is the most prevalent naturally occurring
mineralocorticoid) exert a major influence on regulating potassium, sodium, and water
balance.
Symptoms including severe tachycardia, fever, dehydration, heart failure, and coma are
consistent with which of the following? - Answers-Thyroid storm
Thyroid storm is a crisis or life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggeration
of the usual physiologic response seen in hyperthyroidism. Whereas hyperthyroidism
can cause symptoms such as sweating, feeling hot, palpitations, and weight loss, the
symptoms of thyroid storm are more severe, resulting in complications such as fever,
rapid heart rate, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, irregular heart beat, weakness, heart failure,
confusion/disorientation, and coma.
A 31-year-old woman is being treated with fludrocortisone for Addison disease. In
addition to monitoring the client's urinary output, what other assessment should the
nurse prioritize? - Answers-Blood pressure
Fludrocortisone acts on the distal renal tubule to enhance the reabsorption of sodium
and to increase the urinary excretion of both potassium and hydrogen ions. In small oral
doses, the mineralocorticoid effects of fludrocortisone predominate: urinary excretion of
potassium, marked sodium retention, and a rise in blood pressure as a result of the
physiologic effects of these electrolyte levels. The level of consciousness is not affected
by fludrocortisone unless there are significant changes in the fluid balance.
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? Select all
that apply: - Answers-Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? Select all
that apply: - Answers-GH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
, Systemic antidiarrheals, such as loperamide (Imodium), decrease the number and
liquidity of stools by which of the following mechanisms? - Answers-Decreasing
intestinal motility
The nurse is caring for a patient who is going home on sucralfate (Carafate). The nurse
would teach the patient to take sucralfate: - Answers-before meals.
A patient has been admitted to the unit with salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome. The
patient is taking fludrocortisone (Florinef) for replacement therapy in combination with a
glucocorticoid. The nurse would know that high-dose fludrocortisone requires the nurse
to monitor for: - Answers-an increase in sodium and water retention along with
potassium depletion.
Increased doses of fludrocortisone may result in excess retention of sodium and water
along with potassium depletion. Hypokalemia does not occur nor are sodium and water
depleted or potassium retained. This drug is usually given in combination with a
glucocorticoid. Therefore, toxic effects would not be expected.
Which of the following is the correct rationale for why the nurse would administer a
laxative at a separate time from the client's other medications? - Answers-Laxatives
may reduce absorption of other drugs present in the GI tract.
A woman with numerous chronic health problems has been diagnosed with a benign
gastric ulcer has begun treatment with ranitidine (Zantac). Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse provide to this patient?
"This drug will help to eliminate the bacteria in your stomach that caused your ulcer."
"You should eat several small meals each day rather than three larger meals."
"Take each dose of ranitidine with an antacid of your choice."
"Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug will heal your
ulcer." - Answers-"Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug
will heal your ulcer."
Smoking reverses the drug-induced inhibition of nocturnal gastric acid production and
hinders ulcer healing.
A patient has been prescribed a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist for the treatment
of GERD. Why are H2RAs more effective than H1 receptor antagonists in the treatment
of diseases of the upper GI tract? - Answers-The parietal cells of the stomach have H2
receptors but not H1 receptors.
The patient has Maalox ordered for administration before meals. Which of the following
conditions is contraindicated with the administration of Maalox? - Answers-Renal
dysfunction
About 80% of water, sodium, potassium, and other substances are reabsorbed during
renal processing; the remaining 20% enters the loop of Henle. What substance is
reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? - Answers-Sodium
