ATLS exam test with correct answers A+
Graded
1. Varför är gastrisk sond ett bra hjälpmedel?
2. Vad är nackdelen med gastrisk sond? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Den är till för att mindra
magdistension (stomach distention), minska risk för aspiration och bedöma ifall det föreligger en
övre GI-blödning.
2. En gastrisk sond kan inducera kräkning eller kräk-reflexer vilket faktiskt kan orsaka det
specifika problemet den egentligen är till för att förhindra - aspiration.
1. Which is one of the prime monitors for resuscitation and patient response?
2. What is the desired "value" of this parameter? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Urinary output,
because normal urine volumes generally imply adequate renal blood flow (if not modified by the
administration of diuretic agents).
2. Adequate resuscitation volume replacement should produce a urinary output of approximately
*0,5 ml/kg/hour* in adults, whereas 1 ml/kg/hour for pediatric patients and 2 ml/kg/hour for
children <1 year of age.
Cardiac tamponade is indicated by the presence of the classic diagnostic Beck's triad. What is
the Beck's triad? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Venous pressure elevation
• Decline in arterial pressure
• Muffled heart tones
,Remember: tension pneumothorax, particularly on the left side, can mimic cardiac tamponade.
Kussmaul's sign (a rise in venous pressure with inspiration when breathing spontaneously) is a
true paradoxical venous pressure abnormality associated with tamponade.
Definiera en säker luftväg/definitive airway! - CORRECT ANSWERS-En tub placerad i trachea
med uppblåst kuff under stämbanden, tuben kopplad till någon typ av syreberikad assisterad
ventilation och luftvägen säkrad på plats med tejp.
EKG changes associated with cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWERS-PEA.
Give 3 examples of objective signs of inadequate ventilation! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Asymmetrical rise and fall of the chest.
- Asymmetry suggests splinting of the rib cage or a flail chest.
• Decreased or absent breath sounds over one or both hemithoraces.
• Low oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter.
Give 3 examples of ways that the ventilation can be compromised in! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Airway obstruction
• Altered ventilatory mechanics
• CNS depression
Give 4 examples of major complications of femoral venous access! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Deep-vein thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Infection
• Arteriovenous fistula
Give 6 examples of complications of intraosseous puncture! - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Infection
• Through-and-through penetration of the bone
• Subcutaneous or subperiosteal infiltration
, • Pressure necrosis of the skin
• Physeal plate injury
• Hematoma
Give 6 examples of medical therapies for brain injury! - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Intravenous
fluids
• Temporary hyperventilation
• Mannitol
• Hypertonic saline
• Barbiturates
• Anticonvulsants
Give 7 examples of complications of central venous puncture! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
• Venous thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Chylothorax
• Infection
• Air embolism
Give 7 examples of complications of peripheral venous cutdown! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Cellulitis
• Hematoma
• Phlebitis
• Perforation of the posterior wall of the vein
• Venous thrombosis
• Nerve transection
• Arterial transection
Graded
1. Varför är gastrisk sond ett bra hjälpmedel?
2. Vad är nackdelen med gastrisk sond? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Den är till för att mindra
magdistension (stomach distention), minska risk för aspiration och bedöma ifall det föreligger en
övre GI-blödning.
2. En gastrisk sond kan inducera kräkning eller kräk-reflexer vilket faktiskt kan orsaka det
specifika problemet den egentligen är till för att förhindra - aspiration.
1. Which is one of the prime monitors for resuscitation and patient response?
2. What is the desired "value" of this parameter? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Urinary output,
because normal urine volumes generally imply adequate renal blood flow (if not modified by the
administration of diuretic agents).
2. Adequate resuscitation volume replacement should produce a urinary output of approximately
*0,5 ml/kg/hour* in adults, whereas 1 ml/kg/hour for pediatric patients and 2 ml/kg/hour for
children <1 year of age.
Cardiac tamponade is indicated by the presence of the classic diagnostic Beck's triad. What is
the Beck's triad? - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Venous pressure elevation
• Decline in arterial pressure
• Muffled heart tones
,Remember: tension pneumothorax, particularly on the left side, can mimic cardiac tamponade.
Kussmaul's sign (a rise in venous pressure with inspiration when breathing spontaneously) is a
true paradoxical venous pressure abnormality associated with tamponade.
Definiera en säker luftväg/definitive airway! - CORRECT ANSWERS-En tub placerad i trachea
med uppblåst kuff under stämbanden, tuben kopplad till någon typ av syreberikad assisterad
ventilation och luftvägen säkrad på plats med tejp.
EKG changes associated with cardiac tamponade? - CORRECT ANSWERS-PEA.
Give 3 examples of objective signs of inadequate ventilation! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Asymmetrical rise and fall of the chest.
- Asymmetry suggests splinting of the rib cage or a flail chest.
• Decreased or absent breath sounds over one or both hemithoraces.
• Low oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter.
Give 3 examples of ways that the ventilation can be compromised in! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Airway obstruction
• Altered ventilatory mechanics
• CNS depression
Give 4 examples of major complications of femoral venous access! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Deep-vein thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Infection
• Arteriovenous fistula
Give 6 examples of complications of intraosseous puncture! - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Infection
• Through-and-through penetration of the bone
• Subcutaneous or subperiosteal infiltration
, • Pressure necrosis of the skin
• Physeal plate injury
• Hematoma
Give 6 examples of medical therapies for brain injury! - CORRECT ANSWERS-• Intravenous
fluids
• Temporary hyperventilation
• Mannitol
• Hypertonic saline
• Barbiturates
• Anticonvulsants
Give 7 examples of complications of central venous puncture! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
• Venous thrombosis
• Arterial or neurologic injury
• Arteriovenous fistula
• Chylothorax
• Infection
• Air embolism
Give 7 examples of complications of peripheral venous cutdown! - CORRECT ANSWERS-•
Cellulitis
• Hematoma
• Phlebitis
• Perforation of the posterior wall of the vein
• Venous thrombosis
• Nerve transection
• Arterial transection
