WGU - Intro to IT - D322 - Full study guide sections 2-8
exam answers.
Specifically, IT functions cover five different domains: - Correct Answer communication
data collection and management
information security management
consumer relationship management
process improvement
IT governance is - Correct Answer the system of processes that ensures the effective and
efficient use of IT to enable an organization to achieve its business goals and to add value to
key stakeholders in an organization.
Network administrators - Correct Answer set up, maintain, and monitor the hardware and
software that support the networking components of the computer systems.
Systems administrators - Correct Answer set up, maintain, and monitor devices that support
business operations. These devices include anything from projectors and smartboards in a
training room to the devices in the server room.
Web administrators - Correct Answer control the outward-facing content on an
organization's website and intranets and ensure that the sites function and integrate with
back-end systems, such as supporting databases.
Database administrators - Correct Answer configure and troubleshoot an organization's
data repositories.
Cybersecurity analysts - Correct Answer monitor the behaviors of the system components
for anomalies and malicious attacks. They also put measures in place to deter, detect, and
mitigate internal and external threats.
Technical support specialists - Correct Answer provide end-user training and help users
resolve issues accessing resources and systems.
Outsourcing - Correct Answer uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from
an external organization.
,Insourcing - Correct Answer assigns a project to employees within the organization.
Insourcing generally requires the development of new operations and processes, making it
an expensive option.
The project management life cycle is represented differently in various models, but projects
generally include four phases: - Correct Answer initiation, planning, execution, and closure.
Project initiation - Correct Answer broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a
business case, followed by a feasibility study. During the feasibility study, research
assesses whether the business case will lead to a reasonable, feasible solution. Project
stakeholders provide input in the analysis of the business case, resulting in a project charter,
or project initiation document, that outlines the business needs, the stakeholders, and the
business case.
Project planning (1 of 2) - Correct Answer includes developing a road map that everyone
follows. This phase starts with setting the project goals, commonly using the SMART or
CLEAR frameworks, both of which are described below.
Specific: Set a specific goal that answers the questions who, what, where, when, which, and
why.
Measurable: Create criteria that can be used to measure the success of the goal.
Attainable: Ensure the goal is attainable given the resources.
Realistic: Assess the willingness to work toward the goal.
Timely: The goal should be achievable within the available timeframe.
Collaborative: The goal should encourage employees to work together.
Limited: The goal should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.
Emotional: The goal should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can
form an emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of work.
Appreciable: Break larger goals into smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved.
Refinable: As new situations arise, be flexible and refine the goal as needed.
Project planning (2 of 2) - Correct Answer defines the project scope and drafts a project
management plan. The project management plan identifies project resources, including
,cost and time estimations. A project generally has each of the following documents by the
end of the planning phase:
scope statement outlining the objectives, deliverables, and milestones
work breakdown structure (WBS) breaking the project into manageable segments for the
team
milestones defining high-level goals to meet throughout the project's duration
communication plan outlining the frequency and methods of communicating with
stakeholders
risk management plan identifying foreseeable risks, including cost overruns and delays
Project Execution - Correct Answer During project execution, project deliverables are
developed and completed. A kickoff meeting usually marks the start of this phase. Tasks
typically include developing the project team, assigning resources, setting up tracking
systems, conducting status meetings, and monitoring the project timetable.
Project performance is constantly observed during the execution phase. Key performance
indicators, or metrics, are used to monitor the progress of the project, determining whether
the project is on track to meet the defined milestones.
Project Closure - Correct Answer At the project closure phase, the project is declared
complete and the project team is dissolved. Project managers complete the final project
documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are also a part of this
phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for
improvement.
Risks in execution - Correct Answer typically revolve around budget, people, technology,
equipment, and stakeholder support. Issues that can deem a project unsuccessful include
cost overrun, insufficient staff, inadequate tools to support the project, and lack of support
from project stakeholders. Planning in advance is one of the best ways to mitigate risks of
execution.
Risks of integration - Correct Answer The outcome of a project will likely affect other systems
and processes in an organization. Risks of integration can be mitigated by assessing
, potential disruptions, ensuring adequate support from stakeholders, and having a shared
understanding of the project's complexity.
Two key strategies to successfully identify risks are frequent monitoring of project
parameters and milestones and sound communication between project participants.
Scope creep - Correct Answer uncontrolled change of a project's scope, typically adding
tasks and increased, unplanned costs to the project
Budget risk - Correct Answer budget control issues, such as underestimated or improper
allocation of cost
Resistance to change - Correct Answer departments and individuals resist organizational
changes resulting from the project
Resource risk - Correct Answer inability to secure sufficient resources for the project
ex.
Mei is concerned that some team members may become unavailable during the project.
Contract risk - Correct Answer a vendor fails to deliver on contractual obligations
Disputes risk - Correct Answer Disputes or disagreements between project participants
Project dependencies - Correct Answer especially when completion of some tasks is
dependent on the completion of other tasks
Project assumptions risk - Correct Answer when assumptions about the project are
invalidated during project development
Benefit shortfall - Correct Answer the project meets the requirements but delivers fewer
benefits than outlined in the business case
Requirements quality risk - Correct Answer requirements have not been properly validated
or documented
exam answers.
Specifically, IT functions cover five different domains: - Correct Answer communication
data collection and management
information security management
consumer relationship management
process improvement
IT governance is - Correct Answer the system of processes that ensures the effective and
efficient use of IT to enable an organization to achieve its business goals and to add value to
key stakeholders in an organization.
Network administrators - Correct Answer set up, maintain, and monitor the hardware and
software that support the networking components of the computer systems.
Systems administrators - Correct Answer set up, maintain, and monitor devices that support
business operations. These devices include anything from projectors and smartboards in a
training room to the devices in the server room.
Web administrators - Correct Answer control the outward-facing content on an
organization's website and intranets and ensure that the sites function and integrate with
back-end systems, such as supporting databases.
Database administrators - Correct Answer configure and troubleshoot an organization's
data repositories.
Cybersecurity analysts - Correct Answer monitor the behaviors of the system components
for anomalies and malicious attacks. They also put measures in place to deter, detect, and
mitigate internal and external threats.
Technical support specialists - Correct Answer provide end-user training and help users
resolve issues accessing resources and systems.
Outsourcing - Correct Answer uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from
an external organization.
,Insourcing - Correct Answer assigns a project to employees within the organization.
Insourcing generally requires the development of new operations and processes, making it
an expensive option.
The project management life cycle is represented differently in various models, but projects
generally include four phases: - Correct Answer initiation, planning, execution, and closure.
Project initiation - Correct Answer broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a
business case, followed by a feasibility study. During the feasibility study, research
assesses whether the business case will lead to a reasonable, feasible solution. Project
stakeholders provide input in the analysis of the business case, resulting in a project charter,
or project initiation document, that outlines the business needs, the stakeholders, and the
business case.
Project planning (1 of 2) - Correct Answer includes developing a road map that everyone
follows. This phase starts with setting the project goals, commonly using the SMART or
CLEAR frameworks, both of which are described below.
Specific: Set a specific goal that answers the questions who, what, where, when, which, and
why.
Measurable: Create criteria that can be used to measure the success of the goal.
Attainable: Ensure the goal is attainable given the resources.
Realistic: Assess the willingness to work toward the goal.
Timely: The goal should be achievable within the available timeframe.
Collaborative: The goal should encourage employees to work together.
Limited: The goal should be limited in scope and time to keep it manageable.
Emotional: The goal should tap into the passion of employees and be something they can
form an emotional connection to. This can optimize the quality of work.
Appreciable: Break larger goals into smaller tasks that can be quickly achieved.
Refinable: As new situations arise, be flexible and refine the goal as needed.
Project planning (2 of 2) - Correct Answer defines the project scope and drafts a project
management plan. The project management plan identifies project resources, including
,cost and time estimations. A project generally has each of the following documents by the
end of the planning phase:
scope statement outlining the objectives, deliverables, and milestones
work breakdown structure (WBS) breaking the project into manageable segments for the
team
milestones defining high-level goals to meet throughout the project's duration
communication plan outlining the frequency and methods of communicating with
stakeholders
risk management plan identifying foreseeable risks, including cost overruns and delays
Project Execution - Correct Answer During project execution, project deliverables are
developed and completed. A kickoff meeting usually marks the start of this phase. Tasks
typically include developing the project team, assigning resources, setting up tracking
systems, conducting status meetings, and monitoring the project timetable.
Project performance is constantly observed during the execution phase. Key performance
indicators, or metrics, are used to monitor the progress of the project, determining whether
the project is on track to meet the defined milestones.
Project Closure - Correct Answer At the project closure phase, the project is declared
complete and the project team is dissolved. Project managers complete the final project
documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are also a part of this
phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for
improvement.
Risks in execution - Correct Answer typically revolve around budget, people, technology,
equipment, and stakeholder support. Issues that can deem a project unsuccessful include
cost overrun, insufficient staff, inadequate tools to support the project, and lack of support
from project stakeholders. Planning in advance is one of the best ways to mitigate risks of
execution.
Risks of integration - Correct Answer The outcome of a project will likely affect other systems
and processes in an organization. Risks of integration can be mitigated by assessing
, potential disruptions, ensuring adequate support from stakeholders, and having a shared
understanding of the project's complexity.
Two key strategies to successfully identify risks are frequent monitoring of project
parameters and milestones and sound communication between project participants.
Scope creep - Correct Answer uncontrolled change of a project's scope, typically adding
tasks and increased, unplanned costs to the project
Budget risk - Correct Answer budget control issues, such as underestimated or improper
allocation of cost
Resistance to change - Correct Answer departments and individuals resist organizational
changes resulting from the project
Resource risk - Correct Answer inability to secure sufficient resources for the project
ex.
Mei is concerned that some team members may become unavailable during the project.
Contract risk - Correct Answer a vendor fails to deliver on contractual obligations
Disputes risk - Correct Answer Disputes or disagreements between project participants
Project dependencies - Correct Answer especially when completion of some tasks is
dependent on the completion of other tasks
Project assumptions risk - Correct Answer when assumptions about the project are
invalidated during project development
Benefit shortfall - Correct Answer the project meets the requirements but delivers fewer
benefits than outlined in the business case
Requirements quality risk - Correct Answer requirements have not been properly validated
or documented
