They combat the extrapyramidal side effects of the neuroleptic drug. - A nurse is
administering medications to clients on a psychiatric unit. What does the nurse identify
as the reason that so many psychiatric clients are given the drug benztropine or
trihexyphenidyl in conjunction with the phenothiazine-derivative neuroleptic
medications?
Torticollis - acute dystonia that involves muscle spasms of the neck; develops within 1
to 5 days after beginning therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
Tardive dyskinesia - involuntary repetitious tonic muscular spasms that involve the face,
tongue, lips, limbs, and trunk; takes several months to years to develop after the start of
therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
d/c if observed, may be reversible
Pseudoparkinsonism - extrapyramidal tract response that includes masklike facies,
shuffling gait, pill-rolling tremors, stooped posture, and drooling; develops within several
days to 1 month after the start of therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - severe, potentially fatal response to conventional
antipsychotics
caused by acute reduction in dopamine activity, precipitating hyperthermia/pyrexia,
tachycardia, tachypnea, unstable blood pressure, dyskinesia, incontinence, decreased
level of consciousness
Clozapine - 2nd gen atypical antipsychotic drug that is more effective than other
second-generation antipsychotics
Seizures, sedation, and akathisia are common side effects
contraindicated in clients with bone marrow depression
may cause agranulocytosis, the client's white blood cell (WBC) count should be
monitored weekly. The drug should be discontinued if the count falls below 3,000/mm 3
use with caution in clients with seizures
Isocarboxazid - MAOI
Circulatory collapse is associated with toxicity
fluphenazine - typical antipsychotic
Acute dystonic reactions such as tremors, dyskinesia, and akathisia are observable side
effects
, decreased salivating
haloperidol - antipsychotic drug used in the long-term treatment of psychosis
Gynecomastia is one of the adverse effects of this drug
Potential adverse effects: pseudoparkinsonism and urinary retention related to
extrapyramidal syndrome
Ziprasidone - atypical antipsychotic
contraindicated in clients with a history of dysrhythmias
Akathisia - Motor restlessness
can be treated with an antiparkinsonian or anticholinergic drug while the antipsychotic
medication is continued
acute dystonia - Acute, often painful, sustained contraction of muscles
typically occurs 2 to 5 days after the introduction of antipsychotic medications
can be treated with an antiparkinsonian or anticholinergic drug while the antipsychotic
medication is continued
Disulfiram - aversion therapy for alcohol addiction/abuse
cannot tolerate alcohol when on it
consuming alcohol while taking it will cause a severe reaction:
nausea, vomiting, hypotension, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and flushing
Duloxetine - used to treat both generalized anxiety disorder and depression
can worsen uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma
Lithium - used to treat manic episodes but is contraindicated in clients with renal or
cardiovascular disease
therapeutic range of serum levels is 0.5 to 1.5
Selegiline - MAOI antidepressant used to treat Parkinson disease
Oxcarbazepine significantly raises the level
administering medications to clients on a psychiatric unit. What does the nurse identify
as the reason that so many psychiatric clients are given the drug benztropine or
trihexyphenidyl in conjunction with the phenothiazine-derivative neuroleptic
medications?
Torticollis - acute dystonia that involves muscle spasms of the neck; develops within 1
to 5 days after beginning therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
Tardive dyskinesia - involuntary repetitious tonic muscular spasms that involve the face,
tongue, lips, limbs, and trunk; takes several months to years to develop after the start of
therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
d/c if observed, may be reversible
Pseudoparkinsonism - extrapyramidal tract response that includes masklike facies,
shuffling gait, pill-rolling tremors, stooped posture, and drooling; develops within several
days to 1 month after the start of therapy with a conventional antipsychotic
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - severe, potentially fatal response to conventional
antipsychotics
caused by acute reduction in dopamine activity, precipitating hyperthermia/pyrexia,
tachycardia, tachypnea, unstable blood pressure, dyskinesia, incontinence, decreased
level of consciousness
Clozapine - 2nd gen atypical antipsychotic drug that is more effective than other
second-generation antipsychotics
Seizures, sedation, and akathisia are common side effects
contraindicated in clients with bone marrow depression
may cause agranulocytosis, the client's white blood cell (WBC) count should be
monitored weekly. The drug should be discontinued if the count falls below 3,000/mm 3
use with caution in clients with seizures
Isocarboxazid - MAOI
Circulatory collapse is associated with toxicity
fluphenazine - typical antipsychotic
Acute dystonic reactions such as tremors, dyskinesia, and akathisia are observable side
effects
, decreased salivating
haloperidol - antipsychotic drug used in the long-term treatment of psychosis
Gynecomastia is one of the adverse effects of this drug
Potential adverse effects: pseudoparkinsonism and urinary retention related to
extrapyramidal syndrome
Ziprasidone - atypical antipsychotic
contraindicated in clients with a history of dysrhythmias
Akathisia - Motor restlessness
can be treated with an antiparkinsonian or anticholinergic drug while the antipsychotic
medication is continued
acute dystonia - Acute, often painful, sustained contraction of muscles
typically occurs 2 to 5 days after the introduction of antipsychotic medications
can be treated with an antiparkinsonian or anticholinergic drug while the antipsychotic
medication is continued
Disulfiram - aversion therapy for alcohol addiction/abuse
cannot tolerate alcohol when on it
consuming alcohol while taking it will cause a severe reaction:
nausea, vomiting, hypotension, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and flushing
Duloxetine - used to treat both generalized anxiety disorder and depression
can worsen uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma
Lithium - used to treat manic episodes but is contraindicated in clients with renal or
cardiovascular disease
therapeutic range of serum levels is 0.5 to 1.5
Selegiline - MAOI antidepressant used to treat Parkinson disease
Oxcarbazepine significantly raises the level
