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Samenvatting H21

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hoofdstuk 21 medische fysica en radioprotectie

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H21 : elektrische stroom

Elektrische stroom

Stroomsterkte:

∆Q
I= eenheid I : Ampère (A) = C/s
∆t
∆Q dQ
I= lim =
∆ t →0 ∆t dt
Stroomzin = zin van positieve ladingsdragers

Om stroom te hebben is er een potentiaalverschil (spanning) nodig  bron nodig die potentiaalverschil in stand houdt; die de
ladingen verplaatst van lagere naar hogere potentiaal

richting van de stroom:
elektronen lopen van – pool naar + pool
elektrische stroom loopt van + pool naar – pool

wet van Ohm

V=RI V (spanning) : V (volt)
R (weerstand) : Ω (Ohm) = V/A = J / (A2 s)
I (stroom) : A (Ampère)
weerstand

ρL
R= R (weerstand) : Ω (Ohm) = V/A = J / (A2 s)
A
ρ ( resistiviteit van het materiaal): : Ω m (Siemens)
L (lengte draad) : m (meter)
A (oppervlak draad) : m2
Oppervlak cirkel : π r2

weerstand afhankelijk van temparatuur:

Geleidende materialen: verhoogde kinetische energie van atomen  botsen  beweging vertraagt  verhoogde weerstand
Supergeleidende materialen: bij een bepaalde temperatuur verdwijnt hun weerstand volledig
Halfgeleidende materialen: stoffen waarvan de weerstand stijgt/daalt bij stijgende temperatuur noemen we PTC/NTC

Energie en vermogen in gelijkstroom schakelingen

∆U
Vermogen: P=
∆t

P = V I = R I2 = V2/R

Weerstanden in serie

Req = R1 + R2 + …

Weerstanden in parallel

1/ Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …

hoe meer weerstanden in parallel, hoe kleiner de equivalente weerstand

weerstanden in serie en parallel

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