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Samenvatting H3

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hoofdstuk 3 medische fysica en radioprotectie

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H3 : VECTOREN

scalair : een fysische grootheid die enkel uitgedrukt wordt met één enkel reëel getal
vb: temperatuur, lengte, massa …

vector : een fysische grootheid gekarakteriseerd door een grootte, zin en richting
vb: kracht, snelheid, plaats …

eenheidsvectoren : (bij ladingen) dimensieloze vector met grootte 1, ligt langs de as van het gekozen coordinatenstelsel
notatie: 1
⃗ x, êx, î of …
componenten van vectoren: grootte, richting, zin

grootte/ norm : | A| = √ A 2X + A 2y
x-component : cos θ=A /Ax Ax = A . cos θ
y- component : sin θ =A /A
y Ay = A . sin θ

hoek : tan θ = (A / A )
y x θ = tan-1 (Ay / Ax)
θ = sin-1 (Ay / A)
θ = cos-1 (Ax / A)
som, verschil en product van vectoren

optellen in zelfde richting: |⃗ s 2| = |⃗
s 1+ ⃗ s 1| + |⃗
s 2|

optellen in tegengestelde richting: |⃗ s 2| = |⃗
s 1+ ⃗ s 1| - |⃗
s 2|, waarbij s 1 de grootste vector is

optellen in verschillende richtingen: kop-staart methode

aftrekken: som van de negatieve vector

product vector met een scalair: A
k⃗

scalair product van 2 vectoren: v⃗ .⃗
w w|. cosθ
v| .|⃗
= |⃗ vb arbeid: W = F . ⃗x = F.x.cosθ

= vxwx+vywy

vectorieel product van 2 vectoren: |C⃗| = A.B.sinθ (RHR) vb torsie: τ =⃗
F .r⃗ = F.r.sinθ
RHR: wijsvinger A middelvinger B en duim C
θ is de kleinste hoek van A naar B
evenwijde vectoren : θ = 0 – 180° sin θ = 0 A.B = 0

Positie-, snelheids- en versnellingsvectoren

Positievector r
2 2
Verplaatsingsvector ∆ r = r f - ri = √ ( x 2−x 1 ) +( y 2− y 1 )
∆ r⃗
Gemiddelde snelheidsvector ⃗vav =
∆t
∆ r⃗ d r⃗
Ogenblikkelijke snelheidsvector ⃗v = lim =
∆t→0 ∆t dt
∆ ⃗v
Gemiddelde versnellingsvector a⃗ av =
∆t
∆ ⃗v d ⃗v
Ogenblikkelijke versnellingsvector a⃗ = lim =
∆ t →0 ∆t dt

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