AP CSP Questions & Answers Correct!!

Algorithm - ANSWERSA precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be implemented in a programming language and executed by a computer. Control Structure - ANSWERSone or more programming language statements that control the flow of a computer program. Examples: If/Else structure or a loop structure. Computer - ANSWERSa machine that processes information under the control of a program. Program - ANSWERSsequence of instructions that control the computer. To run, it must be loaded into the computer's memory where the CPU executes it one instruction at a time. Hardware - ANSWERSthe computer's electronic and mechanical components. Software - ANSWERSthe programs that control computers General purpose computer - ANSWERSa computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone). Special purpose computer - ANSWERSa computer that has a fixed program ( e.g. a calculator, a watch, a car's brakes) Memory - ANSWERSphysical device used to store information for use in a computer or other digital electronic device( e.g. disk drive, flash drive) RAM - ANSWERSRandom Access Memory- also called main memory stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on. CPU - ANSWERSCentral Processing Unit is the hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is made up of 3 main parts: the control unit (CU), the arithmetic and register. The CU processes the program's instructions, the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) performs the arithmetic and logic operations and the register stores intermediate data during program execution. Input devices - ANSWERSbring data and programs into the computer (e.g. mouse, keyboard) Output devices - ANSWERStransmit data to other computers to users (e.g. printer, monitor, speaker) Motherboard - ANSWERShouses the computer's main electronic components Chips - ANSWERSthe computer's electrical components are composed of these very tiny integrated circuits. Integrated circuit - ANSWERSpacked with millions of electronic components Bit - ANSWERSa binary digit, the smallest unit of data, a 1 or a 0. Byte - ANSWERSis equal to 8 bits. High-level language - ANSWERSa programming language that is human readable (app inventor) and provides the programmer with easy to understand abstractions. Machine language (or low-level language) - ANSWERSa programming language that is machine readable (binary code), closer to the machine hardware and provides abstractions that are difficult for the programmer to understand. Compiler - ANSWERSa software that translates source code (human readable) into binary code. Applications - ANSWERSprogram or group of programs designed for end users such as Firefox, Excel, Word, etc. Operating System - ANSWERSis a collection of computer software that manages hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. MacOS, Windows, Android, Linux, iOS are examples. Abstraction - ANSWERSa general representation that stands for some collection of individual instances. Constant - ANSWERSan abstraction that represents a single thing, e.g., the value 5 - something that doesn't change. Variable - ANSWERSA symbol that can be used to represent any number and is therefore more general and more abstract than a constant. Data Abstraction - ANSWERSthe practice of organizing and encapsulating certain data into a more general representation. An example would be storing the text 'hello' in a single variable rather than having numerous occurrences of 'hello' in a program. Procedural Abstraction - ANSWERSthe practice of organizing and encapsulating algorithms in named procedures that can then be invoked by name. An example would be the 'sqrt(x)', square root of x, which encapsulates the algorithm for calculating the square root of x. Iteration/Repetition - ANSWERSA repetition structure, iteration or loop, is used when a program needs to repeatedly process one or more instructions until some condition is met, at which time the loop ends. Selection - ANSWERSIn a selection structure, a question is asked, and depending on the answer, the program takes one of two courses of action, after which the program moves on to the next event. Sequence - ANSWERSThe sequence control structure is simple a sequence of one or more statements in a computer program Event-Driven Programming - ANSWERSa programming approach whereby the program's behavior is controlled by writing code that responds to various events that occur, such as Button clicks. Binary Number - ANSWERSa number written in the binary system, a system that uses only two digits, 0s and 1s. blacklist - ANSWERSin internet terminology, a generic term for a list of email addresses or IP addresses that are origination with known spammers character - ANSWERSany symbol that requires one byte of storage cyberspace - ANSWERSa metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems data - ANSWERSdistinct information that is formatted in a special way. Data exists in a variety of forms, like text on paper or bytes stored in electronic memory. data center - ANSWERSphysical or virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house computer, server and networking systems and components for the company's IT (information technology) needs data network - ANSWERSa telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data disk drive - ANSWERSa randomly addressable and rewritable storage device intellectual property - ANSWERSrefers to any property that is created using original thought. Traditional intellectual property include patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Moore's Law - ANSWERSThe number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits has doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. network - ANSWERSa group of two or more computer systems linked together social networking - ANSWERSa social structure made of nodes that are generally individuals or organizations. A social network represents relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, or other information/knowledge processing entities whitelist - ANSWERSa generic name for a list of email address or IP addresses that are considered to be spam free User Interface - ANSWERSeverything designed into a device with which a human being may interact -- including display screen, keyboard, mouse, light pen, the appearance of a desktop, illuminated characters, etc. Internet - ANSWERSglobal public network of independent and autonomous networks that are governed by the Internet Protocol Suite. World Wide Web - ANSWERSAn Internet application that is based on the HTTP protocol. protocol - ANSWERSa system of rules that govern the behavior of some system. TCP/IP ((Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - ANSWERSthe suite a protocols that determine the behavior of the Internet. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - ANSWERSthe protocol that controls the behavior of the Web. Open standard - ANSWERSa standard (such as TCP, HTTP) that is not owned or controlled by a private entity. It stands in contrast to 'proprietary' materials', which are owned or controlled by a private entity. Computational Artifact - ANSWERSanything created by a human using a computer. flowchart - ANSWERSa visual (i.e. graphical) notation for expressing algorithms. Boolean - ANSWERSa true/false condition Pseudocode - ANSWERSa notation for expressing algorithms, which is more precise that ordinary English but less formal than a programming language. transistor - ANSWERSa semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. the fundamental building blocks of electronic devices. logic gate - ANSWERSan elementary building block of a digital circuit. Examples would be AND, OR, and NOT gates that perform basic digital operations.