NUR 152 Exam 4 Questions And Answers
What is the formula for cardiac output? - ANS stroke volume (SV) x HR
What 3 factors effect SV & workload of the heart? - ANS Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Define preload: - ANS volume of blood in ventricle following diastole
Define afterload: - ANS peripheral resistance against which LV must pump
What is contractility? & what 2 things is it influenced by? - ANS force of contraction
preload & stretch of myocardial fibers
What hormones will increase emptying in regard to contractility? - ANSWER epi & norepi
What is the most common cardiovascular disease associated with HF? - ANSWER
Systemic HTN
Describe the difference between L-sided HF & R-sided HF: - ANSWER L: Blood backs up
into LA, pulmonary veins & lung interstitium, alveoli
R: Blood backs up into RA and venous circulation
Name two causes of R-sided HF: -ANSWER L-sided HF & Cor Pulmonale (RV
hypertrophy)
, Which is most common: systolic or diastolic HF? -ANSWER systolic
Describe the differences between systolic & diastolic HF: -ANSWER S: Ventricle unable
to contract adequately to eject blood forward
LV becomes thin-walled, dilated, hypertrophied
Ejection Fraction <40%
D: ventricles are unable to relax & fill
Ejection fraction normal, but decreased CO
What is the range for a normal ejection fraction? - ANSWER 50-70%
What BNP value means that a pt does not have HF? - ANSWER <100
What BNP value means that HF is probable in a pt? - ANSWER 100-500
What BNP value means that HF is VERY probable in a pt? - ANSWER >500
What is the role of BNP as it relates to the heart? -ANSWER Released by ventricles in
response to fluid overload; promotes vasodilation and diuresis
What is the best way to evaluate activity tolerance? -ANSWER measure baseline VS &
then measure again after pt participates in activity
How does Digoxin work? -ANSWER Increases CO with (+) inotropics & decreases HR
What kind of pressure does the pleural space have? What would happen if the pleural
space were compromised, as by a bullet wound? - ANSWER The pleural space has
negative pressure pulling the lungs outward to inflate; if the space were compromised
What is the formula for cardiac output? - ANS stroke volume (SV) x HR
What 3 factors effect SV & workload of the heart? - ANS Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Define preload: - ANS volume of blood in ventricle following diastole
Define afterload: - ANS peripheral resistance against which LV must pump
What is contractility? & what 2 things is it influenced by? - ANS force of contraction
preload & stretch of myocardial fibers
What hormones will increase emptying in regard to contractility? - ANSWER epi & norepi
What is the most common cardiovascular disease associated with HF? - ANSWER
Systemic HTN
Describe the difference between L-sided HF & R-sided HF: - ANSWER L: Blood backs up
into LA, pulmonary veins & lung interstitium, alveoli
R: Blood backs up into RA and venous circulation
Name two causes of R-sided HF: -ANSWER L-sided HF & Cor Pulmonale (RV
hypertrophy)
, Which is most common: systolic or diastolic HF? -ANSWER systolic
Describe the differences between systolic & diastolic HF: -ANSWER S: Ventricle unable
to contract adequately to eject blood forward
LV becomes thin-walled, dilated, hypertrophied
Ejection Fraction <40%
D: ventricles are unable to relax & fill
Ejection fraction normal, but decreased CO
What is the range for a normal ejection fraction? - ANSWER 50-70%
What BNP value means that a pt does not have HF? - ANSWER <100
What BNP value means that HF is probable in a pt? - ANSWER 100-500
What BNP value means that HF is VERY probable in a pt? - ANSWER >500
What is the role of BNP as it relates to the heart? -ANSWER Released by ventricles in
response to fluid overload; promotes vasodilation and diuresis
What is the best way to evaluate activity tolerance? -ANSWER measure baseline VS &
then measure again after pt participates in activity
How does Digoxin work? -ANSWER Increases CO with (+) inotropics & decreases HR
What kind of pressure does the pleural space have? What would happen if the pleural
space were compromised, as by a bullet wound? - ANSWER The pleural space has
negative pressure pulling the lungs outward to inflate; if the space were compromised
