TCDHA Microbiology Midterm Review
Exam Questions Correct Answers New
Update (Verified A+ Pass)
What are the 4 small life forms? - Answers -✔✔1. Virus
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi (molds, yeast)
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
What are the several sub-disciplines within microbiology? - Answers -✔✔1.
Bacteriology
2. Mycology
3. Protozoology
4. Virology
What is the study of Bacteria? - Answers -✔✔bacteriology
What is the study of fungi? - Answers -✔✔mycology
What is immunology? - Answers -✔✔Knowledge of body's defense mechanism
(immune system) that adds to the understanding of disease prevention through
immunization, and the natural barriers of the body against infection
What did Girolamo Francastoro do? - Answers -✔✔- recognized existence of "tiny
living particles that cause "catching" (contagious) disease
- spread by direct contact with humans, and indirect contacts with objects
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek do? - Answers -✔✔- Used the microscope to view
live microbes which he called 'animalcules'
- Discovered bacteria
- first to see microbe
What did Edward Jenner do? - Answers -✔✔- He created the small pox vaccination
from cow pox.
- credited with concept of immunization
What did Louis Pasteur do? - Answers -✔✔- invented pasteurization
- saved wine industry by heating grape juice to reduce amount of bacteria
- use of heat to destroy vegetative bacteria + resistent bacterial spores
- discovered bacteria produced disease such as anthrax and cholera
- created first vaccines for rabies, anthrax and cholera
,What did John Tyndall do? - Answers -✔✔- discovered tyndallization
- discovered need for prolonged heating to destroy bacteria
What are the 2 forms that bacteria exist? - Answers -✔✔- heat stable
- heat sensitive
What is tyndallization? - Answers -✔✔Prolong/ intermittent heat to destroy heat-
stable/sensitive bacteria
What did Ferdinand Cohn do? - Answers -✔✔discovered endospores
What are endospores? - Answers -✔✔Dormant form of bacteria w/ enhance resistance
to heat, staining and disinfection
What did Joseph Lister do? - Answers -✔✔Discovered role of airborne microorganisms
Discovered that airborne mo's can be reduced w carbolic acid (phenols)
What did Christian Gram do? - Answers -✔✔developed gram stain
What is gram staining? - Answers -✔✔Determines differences in the cell wall
2 distinct groups - gram positive and gram negative
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? - Answers -✔✔Recognized importance of
handwashing
What did Sir Alexander Fleming discover? - Answers -✔✔penicillin
What did Wendell Stanley do? - Answers -✔✔Developed electron microscope
What did Robert Koch do? - Answers -✔✔identified the bacterium that causes
tuberculosis, anthrax and cholera
What are prokaryotic cells? - Answers -✔✔Primitive cells
NO internal membrane
NO nucleus
What is bacteria? - Answers -✔✔prokaryote
What is a eukaryotic cell? - Answers -✔✔Complex cells
WITH internal membranes
HAVE a nucleus
, What group do protozoa, algae, fungi, plants and animals belong to? - Answers -
✔✔Eukaryote
What is flagella? - Answers -✔✔Long, thin whip-like structure that helps organisms
move
What is a fimbriae, pili? - Answers -✔✔short surface projections that help attach
prokaryotes to surface
What is a cytoplasmic membrane? - Answers -✔✔barrier that separates the inside of
the cell from the outside environment
regulates amount of molecules entering or leaving
What are mesosomes? - Answers -✔✔internal folds of the cell membrane in the
cytoplasm
Present mostly in gram positive bacteria
What is cytoplasm? - Answers -✔✔fluid inside the cell
What is the cell wall? - Answers -✔✔Gives cell its shape; protection from mechanical
damage
What is the outer-membrane of gram-negative bacteria? - Answers -✔✔Contains
endotoxin; transport of nutrients
When endotoxin is released from bacteria present in body it can cause damage to
nearby body cells
What is a capsule? - Answers -✔✔Gelatinous covering produced by cytoplasmic
membrane
Protects from drying
What are granules? - Answers -✔✔Function as energy reserve
What are ribosomes? - Answers -✔✔site of protein synthesis
What are endospores? - Answers -✔✔Thick walled structure
One of most resistant forms of life against heat, drying and chemicals
Defence mechanism/ protection against adverse conditions
Exam Questions Correct Answers New
Update (Verified A+ Pass)
What are the 4 small life forms? - Answers -✔✔1. Virus
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi (molds, yeast)
4. Protozoa
5. Algae
What are the several sub-disciplines within microbiology? - Answers -✔✔1.
Bacteriology
2. Mycology
3. Protozoology
4. Virology
What is the study of Bacteria? - Answers -✔✔bacteriology
What is the study of fungi? - Answers -✔✔mycology
What is immunology? - Answers -✔✔Knowledge of body's defense mechanism
(immune system) that adds to the understanding of disease prevention through
immunization, and the natural barriers of the body against infection
What did Girolamo Francastoro do? - Answers -✔✔- recognized existence of "tiny
living particles that cause "catching" (contagious) disease
- spread by direct contact with humans, and indirect contacts with objects
What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek do? - Answers -✔✔- Used the microscope to view
live microbes which he called 'animalcules'
- Discovered bacteria
- first to see microbe
What did Edward Jenner do? - Answers -✔✔- He created the small pox vaccination
from cow pox.
- credited with concept of immunization
What did Louis Pasteur do? - Answers -✔✔- invented pasteurization
- saved wine industry by heating grape juice to reduce amount of bacteria
- use of heat to destroy vegetative bacteria + resistent bacterial spores
- discovered bacteria produced disease such as anthrax and cholera
- created first vaccines for rabies, anthrax and cholera
,What did John Tyndall do? - Answers -✔✔- discovered tyndallization
- discovered need for prolonged heating to destroy bacteria
What are the 2 forms that bacteria exist? - Answers -✔✔- heat stable
- heat sensitive
What is tyndallization? - Answers -✔✔Prolong/ intermittent heat to destroy heat-
stable/sensitive bacteria
What did Ferdinand Cohn do? - Answers -✔✔discovered endospores
What are endospores? - Answers -✔✔Dormant form of bacteria w/ enhance resistance
to heat, staining and disinfection
What did Joseph Lister do? - Answers -✔✔Discovered role of airborne microorganisms
Discovered that airborne mo's can be reduced w carbolic acid (phenols)
What did Christian Gram do? - Answers -✔✔developed gram stain
What is gram staining? - Answers -✔✔Determines differences in the cell wall
2 distinct groups - gram positive and gram negative
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? - Answers -✔✔Recognized importance of
handwashing
What did Sir Alexander Fleming discover? - Answers -✔✔penicillin
What did Wendell Stanley do? - Answers -✔✔Developed electron microscope
What did Robert Koch do? - Answers -✔✔identified the bacterium that causes
tuberculosis, anthrax and cholera
What are prokaryotic cells? - Answers -✔✔Primitive cells
NO internal membrane
NO nucleus
What is bacteria? - Answers -✔✔prokaryote
What is a eukaryotic cell? - Answers -✔✔Complex cells
WITH internal membranes
HAVE a nucleus
, What group do protozoa, algae, fungi, plants and animals belong to? - Answers -
✔✔Eukaryote
What is flagella? - Answers -✔✔Long, thin whip-like structure that helps organisms
move
What is a fimbriae, pili? - Answers -✔✔short surface projections that help attach
prokaryotes to surface
What is a cytoplasmic membrane? - Answers -✔✔barrier that separates the inside of
the cell from the outside environment
regulates amount of molecules entering or leaving
What are mesosomes? - Answers -✔✔internal folds of the cell membrane in the
cytoplasm
Present mostly in gram positive bacteria
What is cytoplasm? - Answers -✔✔fluid inside the cell
What is the cell wall? - Answers -✔✔Gives cell its shape; protection from mechanical
damage
What is the outer-membrane of gram-negative bacteria? - Answers -✔✔Contains
endotoxin; transport of nutrients
When endotoxin is released from bacteria present in body it can cause damage to
nearby body cells
What is a capsule? - Answers -✔✔Gelatinous covering produced by cytoplasmic
membrane
Protects from drying
What are granules? - Answers -✔✔Function as energy reserve
What are ribosomes? - Answers -✔✔site of protein synthesis
What are endospores? - Answers -✔✔Thick walled structure
One of most resistant forms of life against heat, drying and chemicals
Defence mechanism/ protection against adverse conditions
