NUR 115 Final Exam Review

Enrollment in nursing programs has been restricted due to which of the following? Budget Constraints Those individuals who assist patients to facilitate their own healing and health maintenance through therapeutic meals and healthy nutritional practices are called Dieticians The nursing process is a method used by nurses to : Solve patient problems To begin the nursing process, the nurse must first Obtain information from the patient, family, and records A blood pressure of 126/80 is an example of : objective data Nursing diagnosis is defined as an actual or potential problem that the nurse is capable and licensed to treat. True which of the following therapists assist patients in resuming their activities of daily living after illness or injury? Occupational therapy Traditionally , the health care delivery system main emphasis is to : Diagnose and treat health problems. The major difference between health promotion and illness prevention is that illness prevention: Addresses the health care problems after the risk factors have been identified. Which facility is an example of secondary lever of health care ? Hospital The level of primary care is primarily associated with which health care facility ? Physician's office Which of the following did Martha Rogers include in her definition of nursing? The nursing processes Holistic nursing is best described as ? A system of comprehensive care that take the physical, emotions, social, economic, and spiritual needs of the person into consideration. The National League of Nursing identified 4 core values when describing nursing education. These 4 core values consists of which of the following? Caring, Integrity, Diversity, and Excellence The word caring is best defined as: Promoting health, healing and hope. The American Nurses Association states " what defines nursing and sets it apart from other health care professions, particularly medicine is which one of the following? Nurses are educated to be attuned to the whole person, not just the unique presenting health problem. A nurse who tells the patient "If you do not stop shouting. I am going to give you an injection!" can be accused of: Assault The Magnet Recognition is a part of which organization? American Nurses Association A nurse who is interested in and willing to work on economic, political, and general welfare issues for nursing interested in joining the: American Nurses Association The professional organization whose mission is to advance the quality of nursing education is National league of Nursing An example of Articulated Nursing Program is an: RN to Masters Baccalaureate nursing program are known for their: Training in nursing management and leadership Which of the following persons is qualified to take the NCLEX-RN? Tom, who received a diploma from the local hospital school of nursing . A nurse who by law, practices under the direction of a physician or registered Nurse is the description of the graduate of which program? Practical Nurse Viewing a relationship with your patient should be seen as an opportunity for the nurse to Grow and change in a positive and caring manner. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the future outlook of employment opportunities in nursing by the year of 2022. Nursing positions in home health agencies and long-term care are expected to increase A nurse practitioner role is an outpatient setting is usually which one of the following ? Conducts physical exams and treats common illnesses and injuries. Which of the following is not a benefit of belonging to a professional organization? Professional organizations give discounts on the nursing license renewal annually Which of the following types of nursing licensure allows an RN to have one liscense yet practice in other states with a license? The Compact State Under the Nurse Practice Act, the State Board of Nursing does not have the authority to Deny, revoke, or suspend your nursing degree . What state agency in South Carolina has the power to issue a nursing license? State Board of Nursing for S.C A nurse is being sued for battery, which means: The nurse, without consent, touched the patient in an injurious way. A model nurse practice act would contain: The definition of the practice of nursing. The most important statutory law, established through the legal process, that affect nurses is the : Nurse Practice Act A person's values are developed as culture, society, and individuals change. True A set of beliefs recently published by the American Nurses Association is which of the following ? Nursing code of Ethics The holistic integration of person, environment, and health gives nurses a way of considering the wide variety of factors that affect a person's health at any one time True Why should we define nursing? *Clarifies purposes and functions *Establishes parameters or boundaries of profession *Differentiates from other occupations *Influences health policy at local, state and national levels *Aid in developing educational curricula and research agendas. Which of the following is not considered part of South Carolina's definition of the practice of nursing? Working Independently to meet the needs of patients. Which of the following would be a professional nursing journal for nurses working in the emergency room? ER Nursing A family ask you for information on diabetes. Which of the following would be the most appropriate for a family member to obtain correct information that he (she) can understand? Information in a magazine on Diabetes written by the American Diabetes Association ______ Founded the first training schools for nurses in London, that later became a model for nursing education in the Florence Nightingale Mildred Montag founded Associate Degree Nursing education in 1952. True Th civil war is best known to help the nursing profession through which of the following? Number of events led to the first training schools for nurses. Which of the following documents are considered Advanced Directives in South Carolina ? Living Will and Health Care Power of Attorney Which statement is the best definition of ethics? A choice of what "should" be done for individuals. Which statement about Morals is correct? Morals are established rules in situations in which decisions about right and wrong must be made. The Magnet Recognition Program is designed to : Recognize health care organizations that provide nursing excellence. Identify the steps in ethical decisions making in the proper sequence. Clarify the dilemma. gather additional data, identify options, make a decision, act upon the decision, and evaluate. A high-risk work area of the hospital that a nurse is most likely to be sued is which of the following? Labor and Delivery World War I is best known to help nursing profession through which of the following? Professional nurses were used to care for the soldiers, which resulted in passing a Bill to provide nurses with military rank. The most fundamental human right is: Respect for others Which of the following statements is true of the American Nurses Association (ANA) code of Ethics for Nurses? It informs society of the principles/rules by which nurse function. What is Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing? Simple • Dealt with basic needs of the patient • "Nature acting upon him" • "Use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and proper diet "• "Least expense of the patient How did the post-World War II influence the definitions of nursing? Added technology and skills • Recognized emotions as r/t health, illness, and nursing care List groups/organizations of nurses/nurse educators/people who have developed or attempted to develop definitions of nursing? Why will definitions of nursing continue to be evolving? - Changing knowledge and skills - Individuals/groups cannot agree What is holistic nursing? Nourishes the whole person Body, mind, and spirit Contributed by 8 factors: 1. Nursing is an open system 2. Nursing provides several health care services including maintaining health, preventing disease, restoring health, and achieving a peaceful death 3. Nursing involves collaborating with patients and families 4. Nursing is involved with people at points along the health-illness continuum 5. Nursing care is provided regardless of diagnosis, differences, age, beliefs, gender, sexual preference, and other factors. 6. Nursing requires advanced knowledge and skills 7. Nursing requires caring, compassion, and concern, respect and warmth. 8. Nursing links theory and research in an effort to answer difficult questions What is the definition of beliefs? Intellectual acceptance of something as true or correct Serve as a roadmap for critical thinking and decision-making Shown through attitudes and behaviors It is important to know and understand one's beliefs because the practice of nursing frequently challenges a nurse's beliefs. Nurses need to adopt non-judgmental attitudes towards patients' beliefs. Most recent published set of beliefs for nursing is called the Nursing Code of Ethics and was published by the American Nurses Association. This code of ethics affirms the beliefs about nursing and guides the practice of nursing. What is the definition of values? Freely chosen principles, ideals, or standards Gives meaning and direction to a person's life Abstract representation of what is right or desirable Values are developed as culture, society, and individuals change Assist in making day to day choices and decisions Nurses need to understand their own value system. This is the first step in selfawareness, which is important in maintaining a non-judgmental approach to patients. What is the defin ition of the "philosophy of nursing?" Philosophy is defined as the study of principles underlying conduct, thought, and the nature of the universe. It is a search for meaning, contemplating or wondering about something. Statement of beliefs about nursing Expressions of values in nursing Used for decision making and the practice of nursing Individual nurses' philosophies Collective philosophies - such as hospitals and schools of nursing What key terms are in the philosophy of nursing for Midlands Technical College' s nursing program Support the mission of the college Affirm the worth and dignity of the individual Nursing is an art and a science with varying levels of practitioners Education is a lifelong process Nursing education includes preparation in general academics and technical skills Contains the scope of practice for the LPN and the RN See philosophy in its entirety A nurse practitioners' role in outpatient setting is usually which one of the following? Conducts physically exams and treats common illnesses and injuries. A clinical nurse specialists' role is best described as? Providing acute care and mental health care in a variety of specialty settings; developing quality assurance procedure and serving as an educator and consultant. which of the following organization provides accreditation of ADN Program? Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing Why should a potential nursing student ask if the nursing school is nationally accredited? Nursing school offers a quality education that meet standards and criteria. The major accrediting body for baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs is : Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Which one of the following recommendations was made from the various studies in the early 1930's that led to the development of nursing educational programs that exist today? Standards should be considered for nursing practice. Baccalaureate nursing programs are known for their: Training in nurse management and leadership. Which basic program type features independent study, students arranging their own clinical experiences, and testing examination? External Degree The earliest type of basic nursing program was the : Diploma Which of the following nursing programs is not part of a college but has an established agreement with a college or university to provide their students with college credits for courses such as English, Psychology, and the sciences? Hospital Based Diploma Nursing Program A nurse who, by law practices under the direction of a physician or registered nurse is the description of the graduate of which program? What databases would be reputable for seeking nursing and other health related topics? List Nursing Journals. (Some the common nursing journals are listed in the Learning Packet in this section. The library also has a list of nursing journals) Hint: If the word Nursing or Nurse is listed in the title, it is typically considered to be a nursing journal What are the characteristics of a nursing journal article? written for nurses; offer the latest information; research results; usually a Journal for every area of specialty; usually has the word Nursing in the title What are the characteristics of a magazine article? written for the lay public; will occasionally contain an article that is health/disease related; usually has an article on what is currently a "news maker"; some magazines are health/wellness related What are the differences between a professional nursing journal and nonprofessional journal/magazine? Nursing journals are written for nurses and non-professional magazines are written for the lay pubic. What population of people does each type of journal/magazine target? Nurses and the public. Clara Barton Founded American Red CRoss Mary Ann Bickerdyke a Civil War lay nurse who rallied the soldiers, cleaningup the camps and the soldiers Viewing a relationship with your patient should be seen as an opportunity for the nurse to ? Enhance his/her knowledge and skills Mary Breckinridge Nurse midwife who founded the Frontier Nursing Service Dorthea Dix an avid reformer of care of the mentally ill; appointed by PresidentLincoln as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the Army Mildred Montag Founded ADN education in 1952/ Florence Nightingale founder of modern nursing and nursing education Mary Adelaide Nutting First professor of nursing in the world Hildegard Peplau Pioneer in nursing theory What 2 major challenges did African-American nurses face in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Civil War There were no professional nurses available Catholic women responded because they had a long history of providing for the sick - they were skillful and devoted Placed women in leadership positions in hospitals Led to the first training schools for nurses after the Civil War Spanish American War Call for trained nurses Catholic women responded again because there were not enough trained nurses Untrained African-American nurses responded Led to the development of a permanent Army Nurse Corps (1901) and Navy Nurse Corps (1908) World War I Influenza epidemic swept the country at the same time WWI started. Nationwide recruiting effort to recruit young women in to nursing schools. Advocated collegiate schools of nursing rather than hospital based. Established the Army School of Nursing Nurses gained military rank; nurses had the authority and responsibility to manage and care for their patients World War II Also included the Great Depression Schools of nursing attached to the hospitals had to close due to lack of funds -led to nursing shortage Graduate nurses were hired for minimum wage to work in the hospitals Congress appropriated 1 million dollars for the training of nurses (1943). Army commissioned its nurses in 1947 Segregation of Afro-American nurses ended Trend towards more technology Further progress towards professionalism Vietnam War Establishment of Medicaid and Medicare Era of specialty care Emergence of the physician's assistant and nurse practitioner Rapid influx of medical knowledge and technology The patient states that her son is coming to see her and she has not seen him in 2 years. In order to obtain further information regarding the visit, the most appropriate response from the nurse is: Let's talk about your son's visit. Which of the following job roles is a school burse best trained to perform? Enhances the educational process by providing health care to children and adolescents. An occupational health nurse's main function is to? Provides basic health care services for all employees The type of nurse who delivers health care through the use of computers, interactive video linkages, teleconferencing, and transmission of patients clinical and lab data is referred to as: Telehealth nurse A qualification of the school nurse includes which one of the following? Prior experience of working in a pediatrician's office , performing hearing and vision screening. Which of the following is not a responsibility of a school nurses? Provide physical exams for enrollment into the school Why did many hospitals start diploma education programs during the early part of the 1900s? Students nurses were seen as a cheap method to staff the hospital. A graduate of a baccalaureate program, after passing the licensure exam. can legally practice as a: RN ( Registered Nurse) The nurse must realize that when terminating a relationship with a patient, it is important to: Terminate the professional relationship with the patient and not continue on a social basis. Which of the following non-verbal cues does the nurse want to avoid around her patients? A strategy for successful communication is to be flexible. Flexibility is best defined as : Dealing with patient's questions and feelings. The best example of an open-ended question or statement the nurse should use when her patient is in obvious pain I see that you are in pain, tell me how or what you are feeling The patient states that her son is coming to see her, and she has not seen I'm in 2 years. In order to obtain further information regarding the visit, the most appropriate response from the nurse is. Let's talk about your son's visit. Following the completion of a basic program for registered nurses, graduates are allowed to take what licensing exam? RN-NCLEX - exam for registered nurses Following the completion of a basic program for practical nurses, graduates are allowed to take what licensing exam? PN-NCLEX - exam for practical nurses What does "licensure" mean to the nursing graduate? A process by which a government agency (State Board of Nursing) grantspermission to qualified persons to engage in a given profession or occupation Describe the preparation of the Diploma nurse, Associate Degree Nurse,and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurse Practical Nurse - typically lasts 12 months; technical workers; limited scopeof practice (Vocational schools, Technical schools, and Community Colleges• Diploma Nurse - 3 year program; sponsored by and attached to the hospitalsetting; highly trained and skilled nurses; enrollment has declined for variousreasons• Associate Degree Nurse - 2 year program; part of the technical schools andcommunity colleges; began in 1952; very popular program for various reasons• Baccalaureate Degree Nurse - 4 year program; part of 4 year colleges anduniversities; BSN programs are needed to provide leadership in administration;public health; and teaching What were the 5 recommendations made by various studies that set the stage for the development of the nursing educational programs that exist today? Should be within the system of higher education• Nurses should be highly educated• Students should not be used to staff hospitals• Standards of nursing practice needed to be established• All students need to meet minimum qualifications upon graduation List several reasons why the Associate Degree Nursing programs were popular Shorter duration• Evening hours• Part-time 50• Low tuition• Accessibility• Graduates can take the RN-NCLEX Describe the preparation and practice of the Licensed Practical/Vocationalnurse? Typically lasts 12 months; technical workers; limited scope of practice (Vocational schools, technical schools, and Community Colleges List the accrediting agencies that accredit various types of nursing programs Commission for nursing education accreditation1 What organization was created in 1996 as the national accrediting body for baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs? ` Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education Describe the process of "accreditation" of nursing programs. Why should nursing schools be accredited? A voluntary review process of educational programs by a professional organization • Compares the educational quality of the program with standards and criteria • An accredited program voluntarily adheres to standards to protect the quality of education, public safety, and the profession itself Describe what "certification" means to nursing? List some of the certifying organizations in nursing. A credential that has professional but not legal status • A certificate is awarded by a professional group as validation of specific qualifications demonstrated by the RN in a defined area of practice • Examples are RNC; CPNP; CFNP What is the impact of "continuing education" on the nursing practice? Informal ways that nurses maintain expertise during their professional careers • Conferences, short courses, workshops, etc. are examples Describe the three phases of the nurse-patient relationship Orientation phase - "getting to know the patient " Develop trust o Gain respect o Assess needs of patient o Be an active listener o Establish a timeline with the patient Working phase - "tackle the tasks identified in orientation phase "o Patienceo Self-awareness o Maturity Termination phase - "activities that end the relationship in a therapeutic manner" o Positive and negative feelings o Summarize the gains that the patient has made o View relationship as an opportunity to grow and change in a positive and caring manner Define communication Exchange of thoughts, ideas, or information Part of every relationship Primary instrument through change occurs Identify the levels of communication Verbal - speaking Non-verbal - o Gestures o Clothing o Posture o Facial expressions o Tone and volume of voice List the 5 major elements that have to be present for communication to take place. Sender Message Receiver Feedback Context or setting Identify the criteria and strategies for successful communication Feedback Appropriateness - Reply fits the circumstances and matches the messages Efficiency - simple, clear words Flexibility - deal with patient's questions and feelings Be a good listener Take cultural differences into consideration What are the techniques that are helpful in responding to patients and others? Be non-judgmental Observe body language Be and active listener Show empathy Demonstrate caring and compassion Ask open-ended questions Give information Use reflection - method of encouraging patient to think through their problems Silence can be a helpful response Describe the process of collaboration and how it is used in the health care setting. Working jointly with other professionals Respect for each one's knowledge and abilities Willingness to work together Supportive organization/workplace A process in which outcomes are positive for all involved The nurse-physician collaboration is the most problematic Collaboration of nurses with unlicensed assistive personnel affects the quality of care to patients; sometimes mutual respect and cooperation is missing What are some of the common causes of communication breakdown? Failure to see the uniqueness of the individual Failure to recognize levels of meaning Use value statements and clichés Give false reassurance Failure to clarify What are the components of the therapeutic use of self? Using one's personality and communication skills to help patients Can be developed by utilizing knowledge and skills Assists in relating effectively with patients/families/peers/ and other healthcare workers Discuss the employment outlook for nursing Employment will grow much faster - about 15% through the year 2026 438,100 new jobs will be created due to nurses retiring, technological advances, and increased emphasis on primary care, especially the elderly . Hospital employment will grow more slowly, but outpatient facilities will grow the fastest Home-health positions are expected the fastest of all Assisted-living and nursing home care is an expected area of high growth Advanced Practice nurses can expect to be in a higher demand Median annual salary for nurses in 2016 was $68,450 ($47,120 - $102,990) Which level of educational preparation of registered nurses constitutes the majority of the RN's who are employed? Describe the responsibilities of nurse managers Nurses who are in charge of all activities on their units • Manage patient care • Manage quality improvement • Select and evaluate personnel • Resource manager • Helpful to have a business background Define "clinical ladder A multi-step program for promotion within the hospital system • Need experience • Need continuing education • Demonstrate clinical competence • Pursue formal education • Become certified in your area of specialty Community Health Nursing Ambulatory clinics • Health departments • Hospices • Homes • Clinics • Mostly, it becomes an additional role of the nurse Hospital-Based nursing School nursing Purpose is to enhance the educational process by improving the well-being of the target population, children and adolescents • Counselors • Responsible for seeing that immunizations are current • Educate parents, children and teachers regarding health related issues • Provide routine and emergency care to children and school employees • Safety/accident prevention is a primary concern• Provide routine screenings Occupational nursing Usually are employed by large companies • Provide basic health care services • Provide health education/disease prevention • Provide health screenings • Provide emergency treatment to employees Telehealth nursing Deliver health care to patients through telecommunication technology • Use of computers, interactive video linkages, teleconferencing, transmission of patient 's clinical and lab data Faith Community nursing Interest in spirituality • Interest in wellness and health promotion • Usually employed by the church • Holistic approach to healing Nurse Practitioners conduct physical exams; diagnose and treat common and acute illnesses; manage chronic problems; order and interpret lab tests; and counsel/teach patients Clinical Nurse Specialists provide care in specialty areas; educator; consultant; develop quality assurance procedures Describe the employment outlook in nursing? Where are employment opportunities for community health nurses? Employment will grow much faster - about 15% through the year 2026 438,100 new jobs will be created due to nurses retiring, technological advances, and increased emphasis on primary care, especially the elderly. Hospital employment will grow more slowly, but outpatient facilities will growth fastest Home-health positions are expected the fastest of all Assisted-living and nursing home care is an expected area of high growth Advanced Practice nurses can expect to be in a higher demand Median annual salary for nurses in 2016 was $68,450 ($47,120 - $102,990 Where are employment opportunities for community health nurses? Ambulatory clinics • Health departments • Hospices • Homes • Clinics • Mostly, it becomes an additional role of the nurse Nurse Midwives provide prenatal and gynecological care to normal, healthy women; deliver babies; and follow up with postpartum care Nurse Anesthetist administer anesthesia for all types of surgeries in various settings What are the purposes of the professional nursing organizations? -Professional Standards of Practice -Ethical conduct of members -Ensure high quality -Leadership opportunities -Meet present and future challenges