NCM 103: Hygiene Exam with complete
solutions 2024/2025
Hygiene
science of health and maintenance
Personal Hygiene
self-care by which people attend the such functions, such as bathing, toileting,
general body hygiene and grooming
Early Morning Care
- Provided to clients as they awaken in the morning.
- Consists of providing a urinal or bedpan to the client confined to bed, washing
the face and hands, and giving oral care.
Morning Care
- Provided after clients have breakfast, although it may be provided before
breakfast.
- Elimination needs, a bath or shower, perineal care, back massages, and oral,
nail, and hair care, and making the client's bed
Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices
culture, religion, environment, developmental level, health and energy, personal
preferences
Culture (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
- some do communal bathing while others need full privacy
- Some wash once a week
- body odor can be offensive in some cultures while normal in others
- must be respectful
Religion (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Ceremonial washings - Muslim, wash once every seven days with certain order
Environment (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Finances
Availability of resources
- some cannot afford soaps or shampoos
Developmental level (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
, Newborns, infants, and elderly cannot maintain hygiene on their own, they need
assistance
Health and energy (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Sick patients may not have motivation or energy to wash themselves
Ex. bedridden, unconscious patients
General Guidelines for Skin Care
1. intact health skin is body's first line of defense
2. assess general health of cells, subcutaneous tissue, and dryness of skin
3. moisture in contact with the skin for more than a short time can result in
increased bacterial growth and irritation
* must dry patient in axilla, groin, between toes
4. body odors are caused by resident skin bacteria acting on body secretions
* cleanliness is the best deoderant
* obese px are more prone to body odors
5. Skin sensitivity varies among individuals
* ask for allergies
* assess health status
6. Agents used for skin care have selective actions and purposes
Lanolin
important content in moisturizers
Patients with dry skin
- apply lotions, creams with lanolin
- prevent minor irritation such as blisters, burns, dry skin and diaper rash
Incontinence
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
How often to change diaper?
q4h
Deodorant vs. Antiperspirant
Deodorant = removes or decreases body odor
Antiperspirant = decreases perspiration
- need to apply to clean skin area
- do not apply after shaving because it causes irritation
Agents commonly used on skin
1. Soap
solutions 2024/2025
Hygiene
science of health and maintenance
Personal Hygiene
self-care by which people attend the such functions, such as bathing, toileting,
general body hygiene and grooming
Early Morning Care
- Provided to clients as they awaken in the morning.
- Consists of providing a urinal or bedpan to the client confined to bed, washing
the face and hands, and giving oral care.
Morning Care
- Provided after clients have breakfast, although it may be provided before
breakfast.
- Elimination needs, a bath or shower, perineal care, back massages, and oral,
nail, and hair care, and making the client's bed
Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices
culture, religion, environment, developmental level, health and energy, personal
preferences
Culture (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
- some do communal bathing while others need full privacy
- Some wash once a week
- body odor can be offensive in some cultures while normal in others
- must be respectful
Religion (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Ceremonial washings - Muslim, wash once every seven days with certain order
Environment (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Finances
Availability of resources
- some cannot afford soaps or shampoos
Developmental level (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
, Newborns, infants, and elderly cannot maintain hygiene on their own, they need
assistance
Health and energy (Factors influencing individual Hygienic practices)
Sick patients may not have motivation or energy to wash themselves
Ex. bedridden, unconscious patients
General Guidelines for Skin Care
1. intact health skin is body's first line of defense
2. assess general health of cells, subcutaneous tissue, and dryness of skin
3. moisture in contact with the skin for more than a short time can result in
increased bacterial growth and irritation
* must dry patient in axilla, groin, between toes
4. body odors are caused by resident skin bacteria acting on body secretions
* cleanliness is the best deoderant
* obese px are more prone to body odors
5. Skin sensitivity varies among individuals
* ask for allergies
* assess health status
6. Agents used for skin care have selective actions and purposes
Lanolin
important content in moisturizers
Patients with dry skin
- apply lotions, creams with lanolin
- prevent minor irritation such as blisters, burns, dry skin and diaper rash
Incontinence
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
How often to change diaper?
q4h
Deodorant vs. Antiperspirant
Deodorant = removes or decreases body odor
Antiperspirant = decreases perspiration
- need to apply to clean skin area
- do not apply after shaving because it causes irritation
Agents commonly used on skin
1. Soap
