NUR425 CC Exam 2 study
guide questions and answers
What is the normal PEEP setting? - answer 5-10 cm
What is the normal range for MAP for adults? - answer 70-105
mmHg
What is the normal range for ICP? - answer 5-15 mmHg
What is the normal range for CPP? - answer 60-100 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaO2? - answer 80-100 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaCO2? - answer 35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range for HCO3? - answer 22-26 mEq/L
What is the normal range for pH? - answer 7.35-7.45
METABOLIC or RESPIRATORY disturbance: respiratory system
compensates by increasing or decreasing ventilation to retain or get
rid of CO2 appropriately. - answer metabolic
METABOLIC or RESPIRATORY disturbance: renal system compensates
by retaining or excreting HCO3 to increase or decrease pH
appropriately. - answer respiratory
,Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: first to
act; chemical and protein buffers that absorb or release H+; fast but
low threshold (can only fix slight imbalances) - answer buffer
system
Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: works
within minutes (2nd to respond); lasts for max 24 hours; affects C02
levels by stimulating breathing rate/depth - answer respiratory
system
Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: last to
act; takes hours to days but is more sustainable; pee out H+ or
bicarbonate depending on pH - answer renal system
What does ROME stand for? - answer Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal
CO2 is a ____ and HCO3 (aka bicarbonate) is a ____. - answer acid,
base
Name the acid-base imbalance: low pH, high CO2, normal HCO3 -
answer respiratory acidosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: low pH, normal CO2, low HCO3 -
answer metabolic acidosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: high pH, low CO2, normal HCO3 -
answer respiratory alkalosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: high pH, normal CO2, high HCO3 -
answer metabolic alkalosis (uncompensated)
What are some causes of respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.
, A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) rib fracture
C) CNS depressants, opioids, alcohol
D) anxiety
E) COPD, pneumonia
F) pulm. embolism, pulm. edema
G) nicotine
H) pain
I) paralysis, fatigue
J) kidney failure
K) aspirin overdose - answer A, B, C, E, F, I (not D, G, H, J, K)
What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis? Select all that apply.
A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) catecholamines (ex. dopamine)
C) CNS depressants, opioids, alcohol
D) anxiety
E) COPD, pneumonia
F) pulm. embolism, pulm. edema
G) nicotine
H) pain
I) mechanical ventilation
J) kidney failure
K) high altitude - answer B, D, G, H, I, K (not A, C, E, F, J)
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply.
A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) antacid overdose (ex. Pepto-Bismol, TUMS)
guide questions and answers
What is the normal PEEP setting? - answer 5-10 cm
What is the normal range for MAP for adults? - answer 70-105
mmHg
What is the normal range for ICP? - answer 5-15 mmHg
What is the normal range for CPP? - answer 60-100 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaO2? - answer 80-100 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaCO2? - answer 35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range for HCO3? - answer 22-26 mEq/L
What is the normal range for pH? - answer 7.35-7.45
METABOLIC or RESPIRATORY disturbance: respiratory system
compensates by increasing or decreasing ventilation to retain or get
rid of CO2 appropriately. - answer metabolic
METABOLIC or RESPIRATORY disturbance: renal system compensates
by retaining or excreting HCO3 to increase or decrease pH
appropriately. - answer respiratory
,Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: first to
act; chemical and protein buffers that absorb or release H+; fast but
low threshold (can only fix slight imbalances) - answer buffer
system
Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: works
within minutes (2nd to respond); lasts for max 24 hours; affects C02
levels by stimulating breathing rate/depth - answer respiratory
system
Name the compensatory system that fixes pH imbalances: last to
act; takes hours to days but is more sustainable; pee out H+ or
bicarbonate depending on pH - answer renal system
What does ROME stand for? - answer Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal
CO2 is a ____ and HCO3 (aka bicarbonate) is a ____. - answer acid,
base
Name the acid-base imbalance: low pH, high CO2, normal HCO3 -
answer respiratory acidosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: low pH, normal CO2, low HCO3 -
answer metabolic acidosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: high pH, low CO2, normal HCO3 -
answer respiratory alkalosis (uncompensated)
Name the acid-base imbalance: high pH, normal CO2, high HCO3 -
answer metabolic alkalosis (uncompensated)
What are some causes of respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.
, A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) rib fracture
C) CNS depressants, opioids, alcohol
D) anxiety
E) COPD, pneumonia
F) pulm. embolism, pulm. edema
G) nicotine
H) pain
I) paralysis, fatigue
J) kidney failure
K) aspirin overdose - answer A, B, C, E, F, I (not D, G, H, J, K)
What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis? Select all that apply.
A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) catecholamines (ex. dopamine)
C) CNS depressants, opioids, alcohol
D) anxiety
E) COPD, pneumonia
F) pulm. embolism, pulm. edema
G) nicotine
H) pain
I) mechanical ventilation
J) kidney failure
K) high altitude - answer B, D, G, H, I, K (not A, C, E, F, J)
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply.
A) head injury, spinal cord injury
B) antacid overdose (ex. Pepto-Bismol, TUMS)
