NUR 425 Exam 1 Peds
questions and answers
Piaget created a theory of development related to what? - answer
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what? - answer
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if
needs not met or unable to delay gratification. - answer Trust vs.
Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as
feeding and dressing, exercises choices, exerts self. Shame and
doubt if independence is not encouraged. - answer Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior.
Imaginative play. Initiative occurs when child independently begins
inactivity instead of merely responding to or imitating other. Guilt
occurs when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting
initiative. - answer Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial,
physiological, and cognitive skills. Becomes socially and peer
focused. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when school-
age children are ridiculed by peers, don't measure up to adult
standards, or lack certain skills. - answer Industry vs. Inferiority
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually,
cognitively, behaviorally, and emotionally. Emerging physical and
,sexual maturity is integrated with already existing skills and
abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers are very
important. A crucial stage in development, as identity formation
affects commitments and decisions made later in life. Role confusion
occurs when the adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of
direction, self, or place within the world. - answer Role Identity vs.
Role Confusion
Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth,
learns motor and vision skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to
stimuli. Infants try to make sense of their world through sensory
perceptions and and motor activities such as looking, sucking,
rooting, and grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help
from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions;
differentiates familiar/unfamiliar objects - answer Sensorimotor
stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental
imagery, increasing language. Preconceptual thought, artificialism,
finalism. Use language to represent thoughts and ideas. - answer
Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept
involves, that is, that a concept refers to a certain class of things
which have a certain feature in common on the basis of which they
can be grouped together, even if they differ in another respects. In
the preoperational stage. - answer Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?"
questions. For young children the "why?" question can have two
different meanings. believe that everything, including death, must
have a cause no matter how insignificant, even if it
,happens by chance. In the preoperational stage. - answer Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the
world are produced by people, for the use of people. - answer
Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification,
conservations, seriation, and reversibility. Have difficulty in
understanding objects and events the do not have concrete
evidence. Logical reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can
see another's point of view. - answer Concrete operations
13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought.
Flexibility and adaptability. Make and test hypotheses. Can solve
most contradictions. Think about possibilities. - answer Formal
operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for
12 hours. Which of the following situations would most affect the
child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents - answer D (Between the ages of 6
months and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very common.
Separation from parents should be avoided when possible, due to
the distress it causes.)
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year
old client. Which teaching points does the nurse include?
, a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle. - answer A D E
(Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend
play. They often are not able to differentiate fantasy from reality.
The parents need teaching to guide the child through this stage.
Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely recommended. Parents should
always call Poison Control before treating the child who has
ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes are
safe for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for
children younger than 3 years of age. Nightmares and night terrors
are common in the pre-school age group. Nightmares are decreased
by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night terrors are self-
limiting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use
of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle, while learning to ride a
bicycle, and when riding a bike independently.)
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 15-month-
old. Which of the following findings is of the most concern?
a. Unable to stand for 2 seconds
b. Unable to run
c. Unable to say 3 words
d. Unable to put on clothing - answer A
The nurse cares for a client who is four years old at a well child
check. What behavior observed by the nurse would be unexpected
for the client who is 4 years old?
questions and answers
Piaget created a theory of development related to what? - answer
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what? - answer
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if
needs not met or unable to delay gratification. - answer Trust vs.
Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as
feeding and dressing, exercises choices, exerts self. Shame and
doubt if independence is not encouraged. - answer Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior.
Imaginative play. Initiative occurs when child independently begins
inactivity instead of merely responding to or imitating other. Guilt
occurs when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting
initiative. - answer Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial,
physiological, and cognitive skills. Becomes socially and peer
focused. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when school-
age children are ridiculed by peers, don't measure up to adult
standards, or lack certain skills. - answer Industry vs. Inferiority
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually,
cognitively, behaviorally, and emotionally. Emerging physical and
,sexual maturity is integrated with already existing skills and
abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers are very
important. A crucial stage in development, as identity formation
affects commitments and decisions made later in life. Role confusion
occurs when the adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of
direction, self, or place within the world. - answer Role Identity vs.
Role Confusion
Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth,
learns motor and vision skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to
stimuli. Infants try to make sense of their world through sensory
perceptions and and motor activities such as looking, sucking,
rooting, and grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help
from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions;
differentiates familiar/unfamiliar objects - answer Sensorimotor
stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental
imagery, increasing language. Preconceptual thought, artificialism,
finalism. Use language to represent thoughts and ideas. - answer
Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept
involves, that is, that a concept refers to a certain class of things
which have a certain feature in common on the basis of which they
can be grouped together, even if they differ in another respects. In
the preoperational stage. - answer Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?"
questions. For young children the "why?" question can have two
different meanings. believe that everything, including death, must
have a cause no matter how insignificant, even if it
,happens by chance. In the preoperational stage. - answer Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the
world are produced by people, for the use of people. - answer
Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification,
conservations, seriation, and reversibility. Have difficulty in
understanding objects and events the do not have concrete
evidence. Logical reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can
see another's point of view. - answer Concrete operations
13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought.
Flexibility and adaptability. Make and test hypotheses. Can solve
most contradictions. Think about possibilities. - answer Formal
operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for
12 hours. Which of the following situations would most affect the
child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents - answer D (Between the ages of 6
months and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very common.
Separation from parents should be avoided when possible, due to
the distress it causes.)
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year
old client. Which teaching points does the nurse include?
, a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle. - answer A D E
(Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend
play. They often are not able to differentiate fantasy from reality.
The parents need teaching to guide the child through this stage.
Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely recommended. Parents should
always call Poison Control before treating the child who has
ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes are
safe for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for
children younger than 3 years of age. Nightmares and night terrors
are common in the pre-school age group. Nightmares are decreased
by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night terrors are self-
limiting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use
of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle, while learning to ride a
bicycle, and when riding a bike independently.)
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 15-month-
old. Which of the following findings is of the most concern?
a. Unable to stand for 2 seconds
b. Unable to run
c. Unable to say 3 words
d. Unable to put on clothing - answer A
The nurse cares for a client who is four years old at a well child
check. What behavior observed by the nurse would be unexpected
for the client who is 4 years old?
