AACN Exam with correct answers
(100%)A+
3 D's of pellagra (niacin, vit B3, deficiency) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diarrhea,
dementia, dermatitis
4 types of shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive,
obstructive
5 P's of compartment syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paresthesia, paralysis
A patient is admitted for the management of hypertensive emergency with acute aortic
dissection. Preferred pharmacotherapy includes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Nitroprusside
sodium and labetalol.
ABCDEF Bundle - CORRECT ANSWERS-Evidence-based guide to help reduce
delirium, improve pain management and reduce long-term consequences for adult
intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It includes:
- Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain
- Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)
- Choice of analgesia and sedation
- Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage
- Early mobility and Exercise
- Family engagement and empowerment
Absolute contraindications to fibrinolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-History of any
cerebrovascular event (ICH, intracranial neoplasm, aneurysm, AVM)
Non-hemorrhagic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
,BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
ACE Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS-"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium
and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
Acidosis vs Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-ROME:
Respiratory - Opposite
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is up
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is down
Metabolic - Equal
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is down
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is up
Acupuncture for post-op pain? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Several clinical trials have
demonstrated the utility of acupuncture for post-operative pain management.
Addison's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-A condition that occurs when the adrenal
glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
Symptoms: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, postural hypotension,
hyperkalemia, lethargy, weakness, GI disturbances, weight loss,
hyperpigmentation/bronze skin, hypercalcemia, dehydration
Diagnosed with ACTH stimulation test
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from
the ventricle. The pressure that the left ventricle must generate to overcome the high
pressure in the aorta to get blood out of the heart. Afterload is squeeze.
Albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS-3.5-5 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-30-120 IU/L
All of the following are requirements of informed consent except:
-The patient has knowledge of the diagnosis.
-The patient understands the nature and purpose of the procedure.
-The patient understands reasonable alternatives.
-The patient is declared competent to consent. - CORRECT ANSWERS--The patient is
declared competent to consent.
, ALT (alanine transaminase) (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1-45 IU/L
American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association has stages of
heart failure that describe: - CORRECT ANSWERS-How bad a patient's heart
disease/failure is. You can only progress in these stages, you can't go backwards:
✤Stage A: Patients at high risk for developing HF in the future but no functional or
structural heart disorder.
✤Stage B: a structural heart disease but no symptoms at any stage.
✤Stage C: structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure
✤Stage D: advanced, refractory heart failure requiring hospital-based treatments
AMO therapy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Albumin, midodrine and octreotide, often
referred to as AMO therapy, are used for hepatorenal syndrome. They synergistically
act to increase circulating volume and improve renal perfusion by reversing sustained
renal vasoconstriction
Amylase range - CORRECT ANSWERS-25-125 IU/L
anaphylactic shock treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-Volume replacement
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids (IV and/or PO)
Antihistamine
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sodium
bicarbonate
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - CORRECT ANSWERS-25-35 seconds
ARBs - CORRECT ANSWERS-"SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
They decrease blood pressure, increase CO
-Examples: Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro)
-Uses: hypertension and heart failure
-Nursing Considerations: watch for hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction
AST (aspartate transaminase) (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1-45 IU/L
AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic liver disease - CORRECT ANSWERS->2:1
Azotemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the
blood
Basophils role and normal range - CORRECT ANSWERS-Undetermined but they play a
role in anaphylaxis and autoimmune, 1%
(100%)A+
3 D's of pellagra (niacin, vit B3, deficiency) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diarrhea,
dementia, dermatitis
4 types of shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive,
obstructive
5 P's of compartment syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paresthesia, paralysis
A patient is admitted for the management of hypertensive emergency with acute aortic
dissection. Preferred pharmacotherapy includes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Nitroprusside
sodium and labetalol.
ABCDEF Bundle - CORRECT ANSWERS-Evidence-based guide to help reduce
delirium, improve pain management and reduce long-term consequences for adult
intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It includes:
- Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain
- Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT)
- Choice of analgesia and sedation
- Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage
- Early mobility and Exercise
- Family engagement and empowerment
Absolute contraindications to fibrinolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-History of any
cerebrovascular event (ICH, intracranial neoplasm, aneurysm, AVM)
Non-hemorrhagic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation)
,BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
ACE Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS-"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium
and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
Acidosis vs Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-ROME:
Respiratory - Opposite
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is up
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is down
Metabolic - Equal
Acidosis: pH is down, pCO2 is down
Alkalosis: pH is up, pCO2 is up
Acupuncture for post-op pain? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Several clinical trials have
demonstrated the utility of acupuncture for post-operative pain management.
Addison's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-A condition that occurs when the adrenal
glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
Symptoms: hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, postural hypotension,
hyperkalemia, lethargy, weakness, GI disturbances, weight loss,
hyperpigmentation/bronze skin, hypercalcemia, dehydration
Diagnosed with ACTH stimulation test
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from
the ventricle. The pressure that the left ventricle must generate to overcome the high
pressure in the aorta to get blood out of the heart. Afterload is squeeze.
Albumin - CORRECT ANSWERS-3.5-5 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-30-120 IU/L
All of the following are requirements of informed consent except:
-The patient has knowledge of the diagnosis.
-The patient understands the nature and purpose of the procedure.
-The patient understands reasonable alternatives.
-The patient is declared competent to consent. - CORRECT ANSWERS--The patient is
declared competent to consent.
, ALT (alanine transaminase) (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1-45 IU/L
American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association has stages of
heart failure that describe: - CORRECT ANSWERS-How bad a patient's heart
disease/failure is. You can only progress in these stages, you can't go backwards:
✤Stage A: Patients at high risk for developing HF in the future but no functional or
structural heart disorder.
✤Stage B: a structural heart disease but no symptoms at any stage.
✤Stage C: structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure
✤Stage D: advanced, refractory heart failure requiring hospital-based treatments
AMO therapy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Albumin, midodrine and octreotide, often
referred to as AMO therapy, are used for hepatorenal syndrome. They synergistically
act to increase circulating volume and improve renal perfusion by reversing sustained
renal vasoconstriction
Amylase range - CORRECT ANSWERS-25-125 IU/L
anaphylactic shock treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS-Volume replacement
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids (IV and/or PO)
Antihistamine
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sodium
bicarbonate
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - CORRECT ANSWERS-25-35 seconds
ARBs - CORRECT ANSWERS-"SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
They decrease blood pressure, increase CO
-Examples: Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro)
-Uses: hypertension and heart failure
-Nursing Considerations: watch for hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction
AST (aspartate transaminase) (part of LFTs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1-45 IU/L
AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic liver disease - CORRECT ANSWERS->2:1
Azotemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-(excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances in the
blood
Basophils role and normal range - CORRECT ANSWERS-Undetermined but they play a
role in anaphylaxis and autoimmune, 1%
