AQA GCSE RE Paper 1: Catholic Christianity Question & Answers

Creation (1.1) - ANSWERSMichelangelo's Creation of Adam: -God and Adam both look muscular and sit in similar positions showing that humans are made in God's image -Adam isn't fully alive and needs God's touch to bring him to life showing humanity relies on God -God is carried by angels to show his transcendence Creation (1.2) - ANSWERSMeiere's Mosaic: -God's hand is large compared to the cloud above showing God's greatness and power -Lines extend from God's hand to the edge of the circle reflecting that God created the universe Creation (1.3) - ANSWERSGod's nature in Genesis 1: -Omnipotent: God made the world out of nothing -Transcendence: God only needs his words to create and is therefore beyond humans and the created world -Creator: God is believed to have created everything showing his love for humanity Creation (1.4) - ANSWERS-Humans share God's spirit as they are made in his image eg: God created Adam by breathing into him. The hebrew word for "breath" is ru'ach (spirit) -God gave free will to Adam and Eve in Genesis 2 which they used to reject God's command to not eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil -Christians believe evil exists as humans use free will to reject God and his love Creation (1.5) - ANSWERS-Stewardship in creation stories: Adam is told in the garden of Eden to "Till it and keep it" suggesting God wants humans to care for the created world -The dignity of human beings: In Genesis 1, humans are shown to be created in God's image so all humans are equal and should respect each other -The sanctity of life: God "blessed" humans after creating them. This helps Catholics to understand that life is sacred and should be respected Creation (1.6) - ANSWERSOLD TESTAMENT: -History: shows how God guided Jews -Law: laws God wanted Jews to follow -Wisdom: contains: prayers, psalms to help faith -Prophecy: Inspire people to be faithful to God NEW TESTAMENT: -Gospels: Jesus' actions and teachings -Epistles: Guidance by apostles to follow teachings -Acts of Apostles: Events in the early church -Book of Revelation: John's mythical visions Creation (1.7) - ANSWERS-God guided the writing of the Bible via the Holy Spirit as its caring prescence helped people to do good deeds to know God -Prophecies help preach the word of God and are inspired by him to help people be faithful to God -The Magisterium: consists of the Pope and bishops who have the authority to shape and confirm Christian teachings. Catholics believe the Magisterium is continually inspired by the Holy Spirit Creation (1.8) - ANSWERS-The Catholic Church teaches that the Creation stories are myths with deeper meaning. They accept the Big Bang Theory and Evolution as the stories aren't meant to explain how creation occurred scientifically -Fundamentalists believe that the events in the Genesis stories actually occurred as the Bible is the word of God and an omnibenevolent God would not mislead humanity Creation (1.9) - ANSWERS-Natural Law: The idea that humans are given knowledge of what is right or wrong as God made humans in his image (do good and avoid evil) -The Second Vatican Council state that science and religion support each other: ~ Genesis stories shouldn't be taken literally ~The Catholic Georges Lemaitre was a priest that first proposed the Big Bang Theory Creation (1.10) - ANSWERS-God's creations are created to be very good so they should be cared for and valued -God made humans stewards of the Earth so humans have the responsibility to look after the Earth -The Catholic Church believe that there is a delicate balance to preserve natural resources for future generations for the sustainability of the environment Creation (1.11) - ANSWERSLocal levels of Stewardship: -Recycle, walk or cycle more, encourage churches to install solar panels to reduce carbon footprints National levels of Stewardship: -Pressurise politicians to support laws to protect the environment, support environmentally-friendly businesses Global levels of Stewardship: -Expose international companies that threaten the environment Creation (1.12) - ANSWERSCAFOD: -Set up projects using renewable energy eg: solar cookers -Working with groups like MONLAR in Sri Lanka to help farmers use cheap and sustainable farming methods eg: natural resources Creation quotes - ANSWERS~"God saw all he made and it was very good" (Genesis 1:3) ~"God said 'Let there be light' and there was light" (Genesis 1:3) ~"Till it and keep it" (Genesis 2:15) Incarnation (2.1) - ANSWERSThe meaning of Incarnation: -For Christians the fact that God was prepared to experience being human shows that God loves humanity. God understands the life of a human which allows humans to value God's love Incarnation (2.2) - ANSWERSDifferences in Matthew and Luke's account: -Luke's states Jesus was concieved through the power of the Holy Spirit but Matthew's states Jesus was sent Earth by God to save humanity from sin -Luke's account describes the Angel Gabriel visitng Mary but in Matthew's it describes Joseph's intention to separate from Mary for getting pregnant Similarities: -God worked through humans to bring about his plan -The angel Gabriel announced Jesus' birth Incarnation (2.3) - ANSWERS-The Catholic Church state God is 3 persons: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit (Trinity) eg: God is eternal therefore like God the Father, the world has always existed -The word of God became human in Jesus' form eg: The word of God expresses his power and love therefore it gives light and guidance to people Incarnation (2.4) - ANSWERSJesus as the Son of Man: -Christians believe Jesus was fully human -Jesus experienced human aspects eg: pain, emotion -The phrase was used to describe the suffering Jesus knew he would have to endure on the crucifix Jesus as the Son of God -Christians believe Jesus was fully God -Jesus rose from the dead -Jesus told the Jewish council that he had a share in God's power and divinity Incarnation (2.5) - ANSWERSIchthus: -Means "Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour", helped Christians indicate their faith to each other during times of persecution and where meetings were Alpha and Omega: -Show that God and Jesus are involved in everything from the beginning to the end Chi-Rho -A reminder of Jesus' death that saved humanity from sin, strong inspiration for Christians Incarnation (2.6) - ANSWERSReasons against religious art: -An infinite God cannot be accurately depicted and could mislead Christians about what God is like. It breaks the second commandment Attitudes to religious art: -Inspires people about God's work and gives them something to focus on during prayer How Jesus can be described through art: Jesus died on the cross to save humanity showing God can be shown as a member of ethnicity as his death and resurrection affected everyone Incarnation (2.7) - ANSWERSSacred heart: -Jesus has holes where he was nailed on the cross -The flames on the heart represent Jesus' love for humanity -Its purpose was to remind Christians of Jesus' love for all people shown by his death to save humanity from sin Incarnation (2.8) - ANSWERSBeatitudes: -Blessed are the meek for they will inherit the Earth -Blessed are the pure in heart for they will see God Parable of the Sheep and Goats -Teaches Christians to be kind because by caring for others they are serving God -Jesus said it's important to show people love and care in order to be judged favourably by God and gain eternal life Incarnation (2.9) - ANSWERSSt Iranaeus' teaching about understanding Jesus/God -God is invisible and transcendent but Christians can understand God's qualities through Jesus as he is the Son of God and therefore displays his qualities -The Incarnation is important as Jesus helped humans to understand God allowing humanity to become "fully alive" and reveal God's glory Incarnation (2.10) - ANSWERSDei Verbum 4- "The Word made flesh" -The Son of God became a human to live among other humans -Verbum Domini 12- "Christ the Incarnate crucified and risen Word of God, is Lord of all things" -Through the human act of death Jesus gave himself into God's hands and glorified him as the Word of God Incarnation (2.11) - ANSWERSGrace: -Brings people to a deeper relationship with God -Free and unconditional gift of love from God How Grace and Sacraments are a sign of God's love: -Jesus was the ultimate gift of love from God to humanity -Since Jesus has lived on Earth people see God as a living and active presence. Even though Jesus died his spirit is still active and shares God's love with all people Incarnation (2.12) - ANSWERSBaptism: A person is brought into the Church as a child of God. Water is poured on head to cleanse sins Confirmation: A person's faith is strengthened as a member of the Church Eucharist: Receiving the body and blood of Christ Marriage: A man and woman consent to love each other Ordination: Committing to God (being a priest) Reconciliation: A person confesses their sins to be forgiven and restore their relationship with God Sacrament of the Sick: An ill person is anointed with oil to forgive their sins Incarnation (2.13) - ANSWERSReasons for abortion: -Some couples do not have the money to raise a child -If the child was conceived through rape then it could be a sign of trauma if given birth to the child -Mothers may be too young to cope with a child Reasons against abortion: -Catholics believe life starts at conception therefore abortion destroys the work of God -All human life should be protected as it was blessed by God as one of his creations -Catholics believe all life is holy (sanctity of life) Incarnation quotes - ANSWERS~"The word became flesh and lived among us" (John 1:14) ~"Are you the messiah?" "I am" (Mark 14:61) ~"You shall not make yourself an idol" (Exodus 20:4) Triune God (3.1) - ANSWERSReasons for music during worship: -Inspires people to praise God -Unites more people together in prayer -Gives people more involvement in mass and prayer -Makes worship feel more joyous Triune God (3.2) - ANSWERS-Plainchant: Ancient form of music, normally unaccompanied but sung (in Latin). The Catholic Church believe it's important as it suits Roman Liturgy -Traditional hymns: Religious songs that praise God, accompanied by an organ (congregation+test of time) -Contemporary: Upbeat modern day songs although some people find the appealing parts distracting -Mass Settings: Parts of Mass that are sung instead of said. They are simple and more focused on worshiping God eg: Gloria, Alleluia Triune God (3.3) - ANSWERS-Gloria: Used at the start of mass. Praises God's glory -Alleluia: Hymn of joy that announces the presence of Christ. Sung 3 times in the Easter Vigil (resurrection) -Sanctus: A Latin word that praises God's holiness. Used before the Eucharistic prayer in mass -Mystery of Faith: Used after the consecration to acknowledge Christ's life, death and resurrection