NR 283 Final Exam (NR283) |
Pathophysiology Final Study Guide |
Graded and Rated A+ | 2024/2025
Guide | Chamberlain
active natural immunity - Correct Answer - Natural exposure to antigen
Development of antibodies
active artificial immunity - Correct Answer - vaccination; antigen
purposely introduced to body
passive natural immunity - Correct Answer - receive maternal antibodies
through placenta or breast milk
passive artificial immunity - Correct Answer - injection of antibodies
example: transfusion
immunodeficiency disorder - Correct Answer - a condition that occurs
when one or more parts of the immune system are deficient or missing
incubation period - Correct Answer - the period between exposure to an
infection and the appearance of the first symptoms
prodromal period - Correct Answer - short period after incubation; early,
mild symptoms
,acute period - Correct Answer - infectious disease develops fully
signs and symptoms of infection - Correct Answer - Purulent drainage,
pain, redness and edema, fever, chills, increased pulse and resp. rate,
and increased WBC count.
leukocytosis - Correct Answer - increase in the number of white blood
cells
humoral immunity - Correct Answer - specific immunity produced by B
cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
cell-mediated immunity - Correct Answer - lymphocytes are programmed
to attack non-self cells to protect the body
IgG antibodies - Correct Answer - most common; help promote
phagocytosis
IgA antibodies - Correct Answer - in secretions,tears, saliva, mucous
membranes
IgM antibodies - Correct Answer - 1st to increase in immune response
IgE antibodies - Correct Answer - bind to mast cells and basophils and
are involved in allergic reactions
IgD antibodies - Correct Answer - located on B cell membranes where
they act as antigen receptors
,complement system - Correct Answer - proteins in the blood that help
antibodies and T cells kill their target
histamine - Correct Answer - A chemical that is responsible for the
symptoms of an allergy
bradykinin - Correct Answer - a powerful vasodilator that increases
capillary permeability and constricts smooth muscle
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Correct Answer - group
of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the
immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary
neoplasms, and neurologic problems
tidal volume - Correct Answer - Amount of air that moves in and out of
the lungs during a normal breath
residual volume - Correct Answer - Amount of air remaining in the lungs
after a forced exhalation
vital capacity - Correct Answer - The total volume of air that can be
exhaled after maximal inhalation.
gas exchange - Correct Answer - the process of obtaining oxygen from
the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
sneezing - Correct Answer - reflex response, assist in removing an
irritant
, coughing - Correct Answer - Deep breath followed by forceful exhalation
from the mouth.
sputum/abnormal sputum - Correct Answer - material expelled from the
lungs by coughing
abnormal: yellowish green, thick
eupnea - Correct Answer - normal breathing
tachypnea - Correct Answer - rapid breathing
bradypnea - Correct Answer - slow breathing
apnea - Correct Answer - cessation of breathing
labored respiration - Correct Answer - working hard to breathe= indicates
obstruction
kussmaul respiration - Correct Answer - type of hyperventilation that
occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
wheezing - Correct Answer - obstruction in small airways
stridor - Correct Answer - high pitched crowing noise
rales - Correct Answer - Crackles; wet crackling noise in lungs
Pathophysiology Final Study Guide |
Graded and Rated A+ | 2024/2025
Guide | Chamberlain
active natural immunity - Correct Answer - Natural exposure to antigen
Development of antibodies
active artificial immunity - Correct Answer - vaccination; antigen
purposely introduced to body
passive natural immunity - Correct Answer - receive maternal antibodies
through placenta or breast milk
passive artificial immunity - Correct Answer - injection of antibodies
example: transfusion
immunodeficiency disorder - Correct Answer - a condition that occurs
when one or more parts of the immune system are deficient or missing
incubation period - Correct Answer - the period between exposure to an
infection and the appearance of the first symptoms
prodromal period - Correct Answer - short period after incubation; early,
mild symptoms
,acute period - Correct Answer - infectious disease develops fully
signs and symptoms of infection - Correct Answer - Purulent drainage,
pain, redness and edema, fever, chills, increased pulse and resp. rate,
and increased WBC count.
leukocytosis - Correct Answer - increase in the number of white blood
cells
humoral immunity - Correct Answer - specific immunity produced by B
cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
cell-mediated immunity - Correct Answer - lymphocytes are programmed
to attack non-self cells to protect the body
IgG antibodies - Correct Answer - most common; help promote
phagocytosis
IgA antibodies - Correct Answer - in secretions,tears, saliva, mucous
membranes
IgM antibodies - Correct Answer - 1st to increase in immune response
IgE antibodies - Correct Answer - bind to mast cells and basophils and
are involved in allergic reactions
IgD antibodies - Correct Answer - located on B cell membranes where
they act as antigen receptors
,complement system - Correct Answer - proteins in the blood that help
antibodies and T cells kill their target
histamine - Correct Answer - A chemical that is responsible for the
symptoms of an allergy
bradykinin - Correct Answer - a powerful vasodilator that increases
capillary permeability and constricts smooth muscle
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Correct Answer - group
of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the
immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary
neoplasms, and neurologic problems
tidal volume - Correct Answer - Amount of air that moves in and out of
the lungs during a normal breath
residual volume - Correct Answer - Amount of air remaining in the lungs
after a forced exhalation
vital capacity - Correct Answer - The total volume of air that can be
exhaled after maximal inhalation.
gas exchange - Correct Answer - the process of obtaining oxygen from
the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
sneezing - Correct Answer - reflex response, assist in removing an
irritant
, coughing - Correct Answer - Deep breath followed by forceful exhalation
from the mouth.
sputum/abnormal sputum - Correct Answer - material expelled from the
lungs by coughing
abnormal: yellowish green, thick
eupnea - Correct Answer - normal breathing
tachypnea - Correct Answer - rapid breathing
bradypnea - Correct Answer - slow breathing
apnea - Correct Answer - cessation of breathing
labored respiration - Correct Answer - working hard to breathe= indicates
obstruction
kussmaul respiration - Correct Answer - type of hyperventilation that
occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
wheezing - Correct Answer - obstruction in small airways
stridor - Correct Answer - high pitched crowing noise
rales - Correct Answer - Crackles; wet crackling noise in lungs
