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MCPHS Psychopharmacology Quiz 4

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MCPHS Psychopharmacology Quiz 4 Mantraz-zCORRECTzANSWER-"Realityziszcomplex,zandzcomplexityziszourzfriend" Pharmacologyz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Thezsciencezofzthezpreparation,zuses,zandzeffectszofzdrugs Psychopharmacologyz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Azbranchzofzpharmacologyzrelatedztozthezpsychologicalzeffectszofzdrugszandzthezusezofzdrugsztoztreatzsymptomszofzmentalzandzemotionalzdisorders Pharmacodynamicsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Howzdrugszactzonztheznervouszsystem Pharmacokineticsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Howzthezbodyzmetabolizeszandzeliminateszdrugs ChemicalzImbalancezinzthezBrainz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Therezisznozevidenceztozsupportzthatzallzmentalzandzemotionalzsymptomszderivezfromzazmalfunctionzorzimbalancezofzbrainzchemistry MedicalzModelzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-Focuseszonzobjective,zmeasurablezdata PsychologicalzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-Dealszwithzconsciousness,zpeople'szunconsciouszlifezexperience,zandzsharingztozbringzawarenessztozwhatzwaszoncezunconscious CulturalzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-Concernszhowzpeoplezshouldztreatzonezanother,zaszwellzaszbeliefs/world-views SocialzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-socialzinstitutions/measurablez(observable)zdatazaboutzgroupszandzinstitutions WordzMagicz-zCORRECTzANSWER-thezusezofzwordszinzsuchzazwayztozcreatezthezillusionzofzcertaintyzwherezcertaintyzdoesn'tzexist Example:z"Depressionziszazseriouszmedicalzdisease" PsychotropiczMedicationsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Littleziszknownzaboutzwhyzcertainzdrugszdecreasezsymptomszandzcontributeztozemotional/behavioralzchanges DepressionzFactz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Inzazgreatznumberzofzstudieszwithzdepression,zaszmanyzpeoplezrespondedztozplaceboszaszdidztozthezmedicationz(medsz50%,zandzplaceboz50%) Mind-BrainzProblemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*zNobodyzknowszwhatzthezmindzis,zwherezitzcomeszfrom,zorzhowzitzinteractszwithzthezbrain *z2zhypotheses:zepiphenomenonz&zdual-substance Epiphenomenonz"SidezEffect"zHypothesisz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*Thezmindziszazsidezeffectzofzthezbrain *Basedzinzradicalzmaterialismz-zallzthings,zincludingzthezmind,zarezderivedzfromzotherzthingszthatzcanzbezobjectivelyzmeasured *Whenzpartszofzbrainzarezdamaged,zone'szsensezofzselfziszalsozdamaged *PhineaszGage *Allopathicz(medicalzmodel)zMedicinez=ztoztreatzorzcurezazdiseasezprocess,zyouzintroducezazdrugzthatzactszinzazmannerzoppositeztozthezdiseasezprocesszyouzareztryingztozcure DualzSubstancezHypothesisz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*PhilosopherzRenezDescartes,zHinduz&zBuddhistzphilosophy *Azdivinezbeingzcreatedz"thinkingzthings"zandz"materialzthings" *Mind=consciousness *z"Consciousnesszdependszonzthezbrain"ziszlikezsayingzfoodzdependszonzthezstomachzforzexistence 2zNervouszSystemsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-CentralznervouszSystemz&zPeripheralzNervouszSystem CentralzNervouszSystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*zBrainz&zSpinalzCord *Psychotropiczdrugszseekztozreachzthezcentralznervouszsystem PeripheralzNervouszSystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*Somaticz(Connectszsensezreceptionszandzskeletalzmuscles) Autonomic/Visceralz(InvoluntaryzFunctions:zSympatheticz(activezforzfight/flight/freeze)z&zParasympatheticz(homeostasis) CNSzFunctionsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-integrateszsensoryzinformationzthatzperipheralznervouszsystemzpickszupz coordinatingzconscious/unconsciouszactivity PartszofzBrainz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*Cerebellumz(Helpszcoordinatezmuscularzactivity) *BrainzStemz(vitalzrolezinzrelayingzinformationzbetweenzthezbodyzandzhigherzregionszofzthezbrain) *Diencephalon *CerebralzHemispheres ORzmorezsimply:zbrainzstemz"reptilian",zmidbrainz"mammalian",zandzneocortex BrainzStemz"reptilianzbrain"zPartsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Midbrainz(higher-levelzfunctions/reflexes) PONS MedullazOblongata DiencephalonzPartsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus MammillaryzBody CerebrumzLobesz-zCORRECTzANSWER-FrontalzLobe:zgovernszmusclezmovement,zmotorzskills,zandzcognitivezfunctions OccipitalzLobe:zprocesseszbrightzvisualzcues ParietalzLobe:zprocessesztouch,zpain,zpressure TemporalzLobe:zHelpszsortzoutzauditoryzinformationzandzlanguage.zWithinziszWernick'szAreaz(limbiczsystem):zHippocampusz(short-termzmemoryzkeeper)zandzAmygdalaz(controlszsexualzandzsocialzbehavior) GlialzCellsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*oncezthoughtzofzaszjustzthez"glue"zforzneurons,zbutznowzarezmuchzmore *providezsupport,znutrition,zinsulation,zandzhelpzwithzsignalztransmissionzinztheznervouszsystem CNS:zAstrocytesz(support/regulatezions,zarezfenceszandzfilterszforzthezblood-brainzbarrierzandzmovezneurotransmitters/food/wastezaround),zmicroglialzcellsz(defendzandzcleanzupzdeadzneurons),zependymalzcellsz(linezcavities),zoligodendrocytesz(wrapzandzinsulate,zformzmyelinzshealth) PNS:zSatellitezcellsz(surroundzneuronzcellzbodies),zShwannzcellsz(insulate,zhelpzformzthezmyelinzsheath) *Outnumberzneuronsz10:1 *Makezupz90%zofzthezbrain AnatomyzofzazNeuron:z-zCORRECTzANSWER-Soma/CellzBody:zcontainsznucleuszandzmitochondria Dendrites:zthez"listeners"ztozotherzcells Axon:zthez"talker"/transmitszelectricalzimpulseszawayzfromzthezcellzbodyztozotherzcells 3zTypeszofzNeuronsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-SensoryzNeurons:ztransmitzimpulseszfromzsensoryzreceptorsztowardzCNS,zmostlyzunipolarz MotorzNeurons:zimpulsezmoveszfromzCNSztozthezrestzofzthezbody,zmostlyzmultipolar Interneurons:zimpulsezmoveszbetweenzsensoryzandzmotorzneurons,zmostzmultipolarzandzmostzabundantzneurons Blood-BrainzBarrierzGlialzCellsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Thesezcellszhavezazhigherzfatzcontent,zsozanyzpsychotropiczmedicationszthatzseekztozmakezitzpastzthezblood-brainzbarrierzmustzbezveryzlipophilicitousz(fat-soluble) ActionzPotentialzofzazNeuronz-zCORRECTzANSWER-thezFREQUENCYzatzwhichzazneuronzsendszoutzazsignalz(azneuronzonlyzhaszonezsignal,zandzitzcanzonlyzbezsentzoutzatzonezstrength/speed,zbutzfrequencyzcanzvary) Polarizedz"RestingzState"zNeur

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MCPHS Psychopharmacology Quiz 4


Mantraz-zCORRECTzANSWER-"Realityziszcomplex,zandzcomplexityziszourzfriend"



Pharmacologyz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Thezsciencezofzthezpreparation,zuses,zandzeffectszofzdrugs



Psychopharmacologyz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Azbranchzofzpharmacologyzrelatedztozthezpsychologicalzeffectszofzdrugszandzthezusezofzdrugsztoztreatzsymp
tomszofzmentalzandzemotionalzdisorders



Pharmacodynamicsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Howzdrugszactzonztheznervouszsystem



Pharmacokineticsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-Howzthezbodyzmetabolizeszandzeliminateszdrugs



ChemicalzImbalancezinzthezBrainz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Therezisznozevidenceztozsupportzthatzallzmentalzandzemotionalzsymptomszderivezfromzazmalfunctionzorzim
balancezofzbrainzchemistry



MedicalzModelzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-Focuseszonzobjective,zmeasurablezdata



PsychologicalzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Dealszwithzconsciousness,zpeople'szunconsciouszlifezexperience,zandzsharingztozbringzawarenessztozwhatz
waszoncezunconscious



CulturalzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Concernszhowzpeoplezshouldztreatzonezanother,zaszwellzaszbeliefs/world-views



SocialzPerspectivez-zCORRECTzANSWER-
socialzinstitutions/measurablez(observable)zdatazaboutzgroupszandzinstitutions

,WordzMagicz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
thezusezofzwordszinzsuchzazwayztozcreatezthezillusionzofzcertaintyzwherezcertaintyzdoesn'tzexist



Example:z"Depressionziszazseriouszmedicalzdisease"



PsychotropiczMedicationsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Littleziszknownzaboutzwhyzcertainzdrugszdecreasezsymptomszandzcontributeztozemotional/behavioralzchan
ges



DepressionzFactz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
Inzazgreatznumberzofzstudieszwithzdepression,zaszmanyzpeoplezrespondedztozplaceboszaszdidztozthezmedic
ationz(medsz50%,zandzplaceboz50%)



Mind-BrainzProblemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
*zNobodyzknowszwhatzthezmindzis,zwherezitzcomeszfrom,zorzhowzitzinteractszwithzthezbrain



*z2zhypotheses:zepiphenomenonz&zdual-substance



Epiphenomenonz"SidezEffect"zHypothesisz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*Thezmindziszazsidezeffectzofzthezbrain



*Basedzinzradicalzmaterialismz-
zallzthings,zincludingzthezmind,zarezderivedzfromzotherzthingszthatzcanzbezobjectivelyzmeasured




*Whenzpartszofzbrainzarezdamaged,zone'szsensezofzselfziszalsozdamaged



*PhineaszGage



*Allopathicz(medicalzmodel)zMedicinez=ztoztreatzorzcurezazdiseasezprocess,zyouzintroducezazdrugzthatzactsz
inzazmannerzoppositeztozthezdiseasezprocesszyouzareztryingztozcure



DualzSubstancezHypothesisz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
*PhilosopherzRenezDescartes,zHinduz&zBuddhistzphilosophy

, *Azdivinezbeingzcreatedz"thinkingzthings"zandz"materialzthings"



*Mind=consciousness



*z"Consciousnesszdependszonzthezbrain"ziszlikezsayingzfoodzdependszonzthezstomachzforzexistence



2zNervouszSystemsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-CentralznervouszSystemz&zPeripheralzNervouszSystem



CentralzNervouszSystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*zBrainz&zSpinalzCord



*Psychotropiczdrugszseekztozreachzthezcentralznervouszsystem



PeripheralzNervouszSystemz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
*Somaticz(Connectszsensezreceptionszandzskeletalzmuscles)



Autonomic/Visceralz(InvoluntaryzFunctions:zSympatheticz(activezforzfight/flight/freeze)z&zParasympatheti
cz(homeostasis)



CNSzFunctionsz-zCORRECTzANSWER-
integrateszsensoryzinformationzthatzperipheralznervouszsystemzpickszupz



coordinatingzconscious/unconsciouszactivity



PartszofzBrainz-zCORRECTzANSWER-*Cerebellumz(Helpszcoordinatezmuscularzactivity)

*BrainzStemz(vitalzrolezinzrelayingzinformationzbetweenzthezbodyzandzhigherzregionszofzthezbrain)

*Diencephalon

*CerebralzHemispheres



ORzmorezsimply:zbrainzstemz"reptilian",zmidbrainz"mammalian",zandzneocortex

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