ISP 203b exam 1 questions and
answers
plate tectonics✔✔earth's outer layer of plates which have moved throughout history
structure of planet✔✔core
mantle
crust
types of crust✔✔continental
oceanic
thermal convection✔✔what is said to drive plate tectonics
types of plate boundaries✔✔divergent
transform
convergent
types of convergent plate boundaries✔✔oceanic-continental
oceanic- oceanic
continental- continental
divergent plate boundaries✔✔magma rises beneath a continent, producing fractures,
faults, and volcanic activity
transform plate boundaries✔✔plates slide past one another and crust is neither
produced or destroyed
convergent plate boundaries✔✔plates move toward eachother and crust is
destroyed and recycled
boundaries are characterized by earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
atmospheric composition✔✔• Nitrogen 78%
• Oxygen 21%
• Argon 0.9%
water cycling✔✔oceans exchange large amounts of carbon with the atmosphere
constantly
energy flows while nutrients cycle✔✔green plants and primary producers capture
solar energy during photosynthesis
energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in molecule bonds
chemicals move around ecosystem with that stored energy
carbon cycle✔✔driven by photosynthesis and cell respiration
photosynthesis - respiration - ongoing cycle
, large carbon pools✔✔oceans
in trees
below soil
nitrogen cycle✔✔dentrifying bacteria release N2 in anaerobic respiration
decomposers and consumers release urea or ammonia
ammonia is nitrified by bacteria
sulfur cycle✔✔used to produce proteins
stored in underground rocks and minerals and salts
released through volcanoes and decomposers
phosphorus cycle✔✔slow cycle that circulates through water and soil
ogliotrophic✔✔limited nutrients and low phosphorus production
eutrophic✔✔excess nutrients, high activity
scientific skepticism✔✔the practice of questioning whether claims are supported by
empirical research
science✔✔method of filtering information between what is true and what sounds true
based on testable evidence and research to give explanations based on data and
observations
scientific claims must be✔✔testable
falsifiable
repeatable
natural
pseudoscience✔✔a theory or practice which is not supported by experimental
evidence, but is explained using scientific sounding jargon
scientific method✔✔series of logical steps to solve problems or gain knowledge
steps of scientific method✔✔1. question
2. observe
3. hypothesize
4. test hypothesis
5. draw a conclusion
hypothesis✔✔big question that must be specific and testable
occam's razor✔✔principle of parsimony
principle to choose the simplest answer among competing hypothesis for less
speculation
answers
plate tectonics✔✔earth's outer layer of plates which have moved throughout history
structure of planet✔✔core
mantle
crust
types of crust✔✔continental
oceanic
thermal convection✔✔what is said to drive plate tectonics
types of plate boundaries✔✔divergent
transform
convergent
types of convergent plate boundaries✔✔oceanic-continental
oceanic- oceanic
continental- continental
divergent plate boundaries✔✔magma rises beneath a continent, producing fractures,
faults, and volcanic activity
transform plate boundaries✔✔plates slide past one another and crust is neither
produced or destroyed
convergent plate boundaries✔✔plates move toward eachother and crust is
destroyed and recycled
boundaries are characterized by earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
atmospheric composition✔✔• Nitrogen 78%
• Oxygen 21%
• Argon 0.9%
water cycling✔✔oceans exchange large amounts of carbon with the atmosphere
constantly
energy flows while nutrients cycle✔✔green plants and primary producers capture
solar energy during photosynthesis
energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in molecule bonds
chemicals move around ecosystem with that stored energy
carbon cycle✔✔driven by photosynthesis and cell respiration
photosynthesis - respiration - ongoing cycle
, large carbon pools✔✔oceans
in trees
below soil
nitrogen cycle✔✔dentrifying bacteria release N2 in anaerobic respiration
decomposers and consumers release urea or ammonia
ammonia is nitrified by bacteria
sulfur cycle✔✔used to produce proteins
stored in underground rocks and minerals and salts
released through volcanoes and decomposers
phosphorus cycle✔✔slow cycle that circulates through water and soil
ogliotrophic✔✔limited nutrients and low phosphorus production
eutrophic✔✔excess nutrients, high activity
scientific skepticism✔✔the practice of questioning whether claims are supported by
empirical research
science✔✔method of filtering information between what is true and what sounds true
based on testable evidence and research to give explanations based on data and
observations
scientific claims must be✔✔testable
falsifiable
repeatable
natural
pseudoscience✔✔a theory or practice which is not supported by experimental
evidence, but is explained using scientific sounding jargon
scientific method✔✔series of logical steps to solve problems or gain knowledge
steps of scientific method✔✔1. question
2. observe
3. hypothesize
4. test hypothesis
5. draw a conclusion
hypothesis✔✔big question that must be specific and testable
occam's razor✔✔principle of parsimony
principle to choose the simplest answer among competing hypothesis for less
speculation
