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Spce 609 Final Exam

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7 pages
2024/2025 Written for academic year
Institution SPCE 609
Course SPCE 609
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A _______________________ specifies the dependent relations between an action, events that follow the action and the circumstances within which these relations take place. contingency statement If we analyze Bob's behavior, the behavior must be his. The whose behavior test If we analyze Bob's behavior, he should be receiving the outcome. The receiver test Be concrete, anyone reading the example would agree on what the behavior was. The specific test The behavior analyzed must be what a person does, not what is done to them. The action test The after condition must be different than the before condition. The outcome change test Use smaller contingencies. The related outcome test. The outcome must follow the behavior within 60 seconds to be considered a contingency. The 60 second test The after condition needs to be an event, not a behavior of the behavor, but can be someone else's behavior. The event test ABA has often been considered unethical because there is confusion over: What it is we actually do reaction to controversial procedures concerns about coercion ABA is the systematic manipulation of the __________________ to shape behavior in a direction that is therapeutic and beneficial to the individual. environment _____________ refers to the acquisition, maintenance and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime events. learning _______________________ refers to alterations in the brain that accompany behavior change and participate in the regulation of behavior. Neuroplasticity The _____________________ of behavior is a natural-science approach to understanding behavior regulation. experimental analysis Experimental analysis is concerned with controlling and changing the factors that affect the ___________________________________. behavior of humans and animals Respondant and operant are: two types of conditioning a _______________________ involves respondent behavior elicited by a biologically relevant stimulus. reflex _______________________________ occurs when a feature or event of the environment without a known effect on behavior is correlated with an unconditoned stimulus. Respondant conditioning The unconditioned stimulus _____________ a response based on an organism's biological history. elicits _____________________ involves the regulation of behavior by its consequences. operant conditioning Operant behavior is ____________________. emitted According to Skinner, the two kinds of causation are _____________ and ___________. immediate; remote ___________________ causation is typical of sciences like evolutionary biology, geology and astronomy. remote

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SPCE 609 FINAL EXAM
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Aty_______________________tyspecifiestythetydependenttyrelationstybetweentyantyaction,tyeventstythatt
yfollowtythetyactiontyandtythetycircumstancestywithintywhichtythesetyrelationstytaketyplace.

contingencytystatement
IftywetyanalyzetyBob'stybehavior,tythetybehaviortymusttybetyhis. Thetywhosetybehaviortytest
IftywetyanalyzetyBob'stybehavior,tyhetyshouldtybetyreceivingtythetyoutcome. Thetyreceivertytest
Betyconcrete,tyanyonetyreadingtythetyexampletywouldtyagreetyontywhattythetybehaviortywas.
Thetyspecifictytest
Thetybehaviortyanalyzedtymusttybetywhattyatypersontydoes,tynottywhattyistydonetytotythem.
Thetyactiontytest
Thetyaftertyconditiontymusttybetydifferenttythantythetybeforetycondition. Thetyoutcometychangetytest
Usetysmallertycontingencies. Thetyrelatedtyoutcometytest.
Thetyoutcometymusttyfollowtythetybehaviortywithinty60tysecondstytotybetyconsideredtyatycontingency.
Thety60tysecondtytest
Thetyaftertyconditiontyneedstytotybetyantyevent,tynottyatybehaviortyoftythetybehavor,tybuttycantybetysomeonetyel
se'stybehavior. Thetyeventtytest
ABAtyhastyoftentybeentyconsideredtyunethicaltybecausetytheretyistyconfusiontyover:
Whattyittyistywetyactuallytydo
reactiontytotycontroversialtyprocedures
concernstyabouttycoercion
ABAtyistythetysystematictymanipulationtyoftythety__________________tytotyshapetybehaviortyintyatydirect
iontythattyistytherapeutictyandtybeneficialtytotythetyindividual. environment
_____________tyreferstytotythetyacquisition,tymaintenancetyandtychangetyoftyantyorganism'stybehaviortya
styatyresulttyoftylifetimetyevents. learning
_______________________tyreferstytotyalterationstyintythetybraintythattyaccompanytybehaviortychangety
andtyparticipatetyintythetyregulationtyoftybehavior. Neuroplasticity
Thety_____________________tyoftybehaviortyistyatynatural-
sciencetyapproachtytotyunderstandingtybehaviortyregulation. experimentaltyanalysis
Experimentaltyanalysistyistyconcernedtywithtycontrollingtyandtychangingtythetyfactorstythattyaffecttythety__
_________________________________. behaviortyoftyhumanstyandtyanimals
Respondanttyandtyoperanttyare: twotytypestyoftyconditioning
aty_______________________tyinvolvestyrespondenttybehaviortyelicitedtybytyatybiologicallytyrelevantty
stimulus. reflex
_______________________________tyoccurstywhentyatyfeaturetyortyeventtyoftythetyenvironmenttywith
outtyatyknowntyeffecttyontybehaviortyistycorrelatedtywithtyantyunconditonedtystimulus.
Respondanttyconditioning
Thetyunconditionedtystimulusty_____________tyatyresponsetybasedtyontyantyorganism'stybiologicaltyhist
ory. elicits
_____________________tyinvolvestythetyregulationtyoftybehaviortybytyitstyconsequences.
operanttyconditioning
Operanttybehaviortyisty____________________. emitted
AccordingtytotySkinner,tythetytwotykindstyoftycausationtyarety_____________tyandty___________.
immediate;tyremote

, ___________________tycausationtyistytypicaltyoftysciencestyliketyevolutionarytybiology,tygeologytyandty
astronomy. remote
___________tycausationtyistythetykindtyoftymechanismtystudiedtybytyphysicstyandtychemistry.
immediate
___________________tyistyatybranchtyoftybiologytyconcernedtywithtyheritable,tyfunctionaltychangestytoty
thetygenometythattydotynottyinvolvetyalterationstyoftythetygenetyitself. epigenetics
Selectiontybytyconsequencestyaccordingtytotyskinner,tyhappentyattythety____________,ty_____________
,tyandty________________tylevel. biology,tybehavior,tyculture
privatetyevents: physical,tynottymental
Skinnertystatestythattybehaviortyresultstyfromty__________tyandtythety_________________.
genes;environment
basictyresearchtylookstyatty_______tybehaviortyandty__________tyvariabletyandtyappliedtyresearchtylookst
yattyvariablestythattycanty___________tybehavior. any;tyany;tyimprove
Intythety____________tyapproachestyoftyanalysis,tybehaviortyistycategorizedtybytyagetytotyinfertystagestyofty
developmenttyandtylookstyattythetyintellectualty________________tyoftychildren.
structural;tygrowth
Onetyproblemtywithtythetystructuraltyapproachtyisty_________________________.
circulartyreasoning.
aty____________tyistyantyintegratedtysettyoftymovements,tyortybehavioraltyperformance,tywhichtyistyfuncti
onallytyrelatedtytotyenvironmentaltyeventstyintythetyworld. response
Operanttybehaviortyistyspecifiedtybytyatyfunction:walkingtyvs.tywalkingtytotythetystore.
Aty______________________tyclasstyreferstytotyalltythetytopographictyformstyoftythetyperformancetythatty
havetyatysimilartyfunction. responsetyclass
Whentythetyoccurrencetyoftyantyeventtychangestythetybehaviortyoftyantyorganism,tywetymaytysaytythattythetye
venttyhastyaty__________________________. stimulustyfunction
Anytystimulustyortyeventtythattyfollowstyatyresponsetyandtyincreasestyitstyfrequencytyistysaidtytotyhavetyaty__
______________________. reinforcementtyfunction
Whentyantyorganism;stybehaviortyistyreinforced,tythosetyeventstythattyreliablytyprecedetyresponsestycomety
totyhavetyaty____________________________. discriminativetyfunction
Eventstywithtyatydiscriminitivetyfunction: settythetyoccasiontyfortybehavior
Events,tysettingstyandtysituationstythattyprecedetyoperanttybehaviortyandtyincreasetyitstyprobabilitytyaretyca
lledty______________. SDs
Thetydogtysitstyandtywaitstyintyordertytotygettyatytreat: exampletyoftyoperanttyconditioning
Whentystimulityvarytyacrosstyatyphysicaltydimension,tybuttyhavetycommontyeffectstyontybehavior,tytheytyar
etysaidtytotybetyparttyoftythetysamety____________________. stimulustyclass
___________________tyoperationstyrefertytotyanytyenvironmentaltychangetythattyhadtytwotymajortyeffect
s;tythetychangetyincreasedtythetymomentarytyeffectivenesstyoftyreinforcementtysupportingtyoperanttybeha
viortyandtythetychangetyincreasedtymomentarilytythetyresponsestythattyhadtyintythetypasttyproducedtysuchtyre
inforcement. Establishing
_____________________tydecreasetythetyeffectivenesstyoftybehavioraltyconsequencestyandtymomenta
rilytyreducetybehaviortythattyhastyresultedtyintythosetyconsequencestyintythetypast. abolishingtyoperation
thetyABABtyreversaltydesigntyistyatypowerfultytooltyusedtytotyshowtycausaltyrelationshipstyamongty______,
ty_________tyandty____________-. stimuli;tyresponses;tyconsequences
intyfunctionaltyanalysis,ty______________________tyandty__________________tyreinforcerstyaretyex
amplestyoftystimulustyclasses. positive;tynegative

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