(NHA) Medical Assisting Certification Study Guide Questions & Answers

CC - ANSWERSChief Complaint Segment - ANSWERSLine between two waveforms P Wave - ANSWERSArterial Depolarization How many 1mm boxes are in a 6 second rhythm strip? - ANSWERS30 one millimeter boxes The SA node represents which waveform on the EKG? - ANSWERSOnly the P wave What is the reading you can get from the RR interval? - ANSWERSVentricular Pulse What is the primary stage of Hemolysis? - ANSWERSVascular phase and platelet phase together What is Electrophoresis? - ANSWERSAnalyzation of the chemical components of blood, e.g. hemoglobin, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid based on electrical charge. Positive testing for occult blood in a stool sample turns which color? - ANSWERSTurns blue on a positive test for occult blood in feces The stages of Hemostasis - ANSWERS1. Vascular, 2. Platelet Phase, 3. Coagulation Phase, 4. Fibronolysis Blood vessels - ANSWERSAorta, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venues, Veins, Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel - ANSWERSTunica Adventitia Inner endothelial tissue of a blood vessel - ANSWERSTunica Intima The inner smooth layer of a blood vessel - ANSWERSTunica tunica media The standards of right and wrong in a medical setting - ANSWERSCode of Ethics What do you find in capillaries? - ANSWERSA mixture of venous and arterial blood is found The average adult has how many liters of blood? - ANSWERS5-6 Liters What is the percentage of water in the blood? - ANSWERS92% Percentage of plasma in the blood? - ANSWERS55% Percentage of formed elements in the blood? - ANSWERS45% 99% of formed elements in the blood - ANSWERSRBC,s or Erythrocytes Where do you find hemoglobin? - ANSWERSRBC,s Where do all blood cells originate? - ANSWERSBone marrow How many RBC,s per microliter of blood - ANSWERS4.2-6.2 million What is the second most numerous WBC - ANSWERSLymphocyte with 20-40% Their numbers increase in intracellular infections and TB - ANSWERSMonocytes Their numbers increase in bacterial infections and are often first on the scene - ANSWERSNeutrophils These WBC,s play an important role in viral infection as well as in immunity - ANSWERSLymphocytes Number of leukocytes for average adult per microliter - ANSWERS Leukopenia - ANSWERSDecrease in WBC,s seen with viral infection and leukemia Comprises 3-8% of WBC or leukocytes - ANSWERSMonocytes Largest in size of the leukocytes - ANSWERSMonocytes Carries histamine - ANSWERSBasophil Injury to a blood vessel that causes it to constrict, slowing the clod of blood. - ANSWERSVascular phase of Hemostasis Preferred site for a venipuncture - ANSWERSAntecubital Fossa Test used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway and monitor heparin therapy - ANSWERSAPTT also know as PTT Test used to evaluate the extrinsic pathway and also used to monitor warfarin therapy - ANSWERSPT Fibrinolysis - ANSWERSBreakdown and removal of a clot Converts the temporary platelet plug in a stable fibrin clot - ANSWERSCoagulation Phase 2nd choice vein for venipuncture and most often the only one palatable in an obese Pt. - ANSWERSCephalic vein Antiseptics used in Phlebotomy - ANSWERS70% isopropyl alcohol pads most common, provolone - iodine for BC,s and Chlorhexidine gluconate for patients that are allergic to Betadine/ Iodine Length of needle commonly used in venipuncture - ANSWERS1 inch (up to 1.5") Average gauge of needle used for drawing blood - ANSWERS21-22 Gauge of needle that can cause hemolysis - ANSWERSsmaller than 23 gauge 3 skills of the phlebotomist - ANSWERSSocial, clerical, technical Analytical errors during collection of blood - ANSWERSExtended tourniquet time, hemolysis, wrong order of draw, failure to invert tubes, faulty technique under filling tubes Analytical errors before collection of blood - ANSWERSPatient misidentification, improper time, wrong tubes, not fasting, exercise (Cortisol levels), Pt. Posture, Poor coordination with other treatments, improper site prep, medication interference Analytical errors After collection of blood - ANSWERSFailure to separate serum from cell (Glycolisis), improper use of serum separator (Not inverting tubes or not spinning tubes), delays in processing, exposure to light, improper storage conditions, dimming clots Fistula - ANSWERSPermanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein, never used for venipuncture Edima - ANSWERSAccumulation of fluid in tissue Thrombophlebitis - ANSWERSInflammation of a blood clot formation Explanation of Hemoconcentration - ANSWERSThe increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by leaving on the tourniquet for more than two minutes Consequence of insufficient pressure applied after withdrawal of a needle - ANSWERSThrombus Additives in a green top tube - ANSWERSHeparin, sodium, lithium, ammonium Why is the green top tube never used for hematology? - ANSWERSGreen tops additive heparin interferes with the Wright's stained blood test Common tests for the lavender EDTA tube - ANSWERSCBC, differential or diff, ESR, sickle cell screening Common tests for this color tube are Chemistry tests performed on plasma such as ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin and STAT electrolytes - ANSWERSGreen top tube (Heparin) tests How long does it take for blood to clot by the normal coagulation process in the red top tube - ANSWERS30-60 mins The primary purpose is to provide reliable data about a patients health status by ensuring the accuracy of a test while detecting and eliminating error - ANSWERSWhat is Quality Control? Common test for the red topped tube - ANSWERSSerum Chemistry tests, serology tests, blood bank (Glass only) Order of the draw for capillary specimens - ANSWERSLavender first, than tubes with other additives, than tubes without additives Antiseptic not used on a dermal puncture site - ANSWERSBetadine (Because it interferes with several tests like bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and postassim) For which procedure would you warm the site for a minimum of 3-4 minutes to increase blood flow? - ANSWERSDermal punctures (Heels sticks) Which are the preferred sites for dermal punctures? - ANSWERSThe distal segment of the third or fourth finger of the non-dominant hand Heel sticks are performed on which patients? - ANSWERSInfants less than 1 years old Where on the foot is the dermal puncture made on patients less than 1 years old? - ANSWERSThe medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot Dermal puncture is made in - ANSWERSThe fleshy portion of the finger slightly to the side of the center perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprints what will occur if you puncture the heel too deep? More than 2mm - ANSWERSOsteomyalitis what are the identification requirements for the blood bank? - ANSWERSPatients full name or DOB, Hospital ID# or SNN for outpatient care, date and time of collection as well as the phlebotomist's initials What does the toxicology section of the lab analyze? - ANSWERSPlasma levels of drugs and poisons What is the percentage of the population with the D antigen present? - ANSWERS85% of the population The 4 blood types - ANSWERSA, B, AB, O Which blood type has neither the Anti-A nor the Anti-B plasma antibodies - ANSWERSAB This section of the lab uses serum to analyze the presence of antibodies to bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and antibodies against the body's own substances? - ANSWERSSerology (Immunology) Section Mycology - ANSWERSStudy of fungi The physical examination of urine consists of - ANSWERSColor, Clarity, Specific gravity A low power microscope has a magnifying power of - ANSWERS100X Oil immersion objectives on the microscope reach a maximal magnification of - ANSWERS1000X This objective of the microscope is used for observing bacteria, WBC differential count and RBC morphology - ANSWERSOil immersion Eyepiece of the microscope - ANSWERSOcular lens