Test Bank Solution Manual for Patho Cardiovascular Already Passed

Test Bank Solution Manual for Patho Cardiovascular Already Passed A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient? Left heart failure Right heart failure Low-output failure High-output failure - Answers Right heart failure Elevated right ventricular afterload related to pulmonary artery vasoconstriction from chronic pulmonary disease can result in right heart failure, also known as cor pulmonale. Which patient should be monitored most closely by the nurse for complications? STEMI type heart attack QRS type heart attack Non-QRS type heart attack Non-STEMI type heart attack - Answers STEMI type heart attack Clinically, it is important to identify those individuals with STEMI because they are at highest risk for serious complications and should receive definitive intervention without delay. A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Which of the following events initiates the process of atherosclerosis? Endothelial injury and release of cytokines Formation of the fatty streak in the tunica media Oxidation of LDL in the vessel wall Thrombosis in the vessel lumen - Answers Endothelial injury and release of cytokines Endothelial injury and the subsequent release of cytokines are the events that initiate atherosclerosis. Which patient has the highest risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)? A female with abdominal obesity A male with an enlarged upper chest A male with an active lifestyle A female with menstrual problems - Answers A female with abdominal obesity Abdominal obesity has the strongest link with increased CAD risk. A nurse is describing stroke volume. Which concepts should the nurse discuss togher? Myocyte hibernation, stunning, and remodeling Murmurs, hypertrophy, and blood flow Contractility, preload, and afterload Pulse rate, hypertension, and arrhythmia - Answers Contractility, preload, and afterload Stroke volume is influenced by three major determinants: contractility, preload, and afterload. When a nurse is describing the development of primary hypertension, which information is correct? Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity causes: decreased heart rate. increased renal excretion of sodium. decreased insulin resistance. peripheral vasoconstriction. - Answers peripheral vasoconstriction. Increased SNS activity causes increased heart rate and systemic vasoconstriction, thus raising the blood pressure. A nurse is assisting the primary care provider to determine if a patient had a myocardial infarction. Which lab should the nurse check? Creatine phosphate (CK-MB) and Troponin 1 Cholesterol and HDL Albumin and aldosterone Sodium and potassium - Answers Creatine phosphate (CK-MB) and Troponin 1 Elevations of CK-MB and Troponin 1 are markers for myocardial infarction A nurse is providing care to a patient with coronary artery disease. The nurse knows the most common cause of this condition is: atherosclerosis. vasospasm. myocarditis. hypoglycemia. - Answers atherosclerosis. The most common cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis, which results in decreased blood flow to the myocardium. Which lab results will cause the nurse to suspect coronary artery disease (CAD) in a patient? Decreased level of LDL and decreased level of HDL Elevated level of LDL and decreased level of HDL Decreased level of LDL and increased level of HDL Elevated level of LDL and increased level of HDL - Answers Elevated level of LDL and decreased level of HDL High levels of LDL and low levels of HDL are both associated with increased risk for CAD. A nurse observes a marked elevated ST segment on the ECG. What type of MI did the patient sustain? Transmural Cardial Transient Subendocardial - Answers Transmural Transmural infarction will usually result in marked elevations in the ST segments on ECG and these individuals are categorized as having ST segment elevation MI, or STEMI. A patient has left (congestive) heart failure. Which assessment finding(s) will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed? Oliguria Weak pulses and decreased skin temperature Dyspnea and cough Syncope - Answers Dyspnea and cough Increased left atrial and pulmonary venous pressures result in pulmonary edema. The resulting hypoxemia causes dyspnea, and the accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue stimulates coughing. Which lab result should the nurse monitor to determine the severity of heart failure in a patient? C-reactive protein Potassium Brain natriuretic peptide Troponin T - Answers Brain natriuretic peptide The level of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) can also help make the diagnosis of heart failure and give some insight into its severity. A patient's coronary blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the myocytes. Which term will the nurse use to describe this process? Metabolic syndrome Myocardial ischemia Hypertension Diuresis - Answers Myocardial ischemia