Test Bank for Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition (Kevin Woo, 2017) Exam guide

Test Bank for Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition (Kevin Woo, 2017) Exam guide Research A systemic inquiry that uses structural methods to answer questions and solve problems Nursing research A systemic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of importance to nurses and their clients What is EBP? EBP- evidence based practice. It uses the best evidence in making patient care decisions What is an example of users or consumers of nursing research? Nurses who read research reports to keep up-to-date on findings that may affect their practice What is an example of a producer of nursing research? Nurses who actively design and undertaker studies What year and where was the establishment of the first Center for Nursing Research? Established in 1979 and was located at the McGill University. From there, nursing research was strengthened largely in the 1980s What year was EBP introduced? 1990s What is the CCNRI and what is their purpose? The CCNRI is the Canadian Consortium for Nursing Research and Innovation. The purpose was to create a strong, unified voice to promote nursing research and to develop a framework for building nursing research capacity in Canada What is translational research? Research on how finding from studies can best be translated into practice. Systemic reviews are the cornerstone for what? Evidence-Based Practice What are the 8 future directions for nursing research? 1. continued EBP 2. Stronger evidence through confirmatory strategies 3. Continued emphasis on systemic reviews 4. Expanded local research in health care setting 5. Expanded dissemination of research findings 6. Increased focus on diversity issues and health disparities 7. Clinical significance and patient-orientated research 8. Inter-professional collaboration and health research What are the sources of evidence for nursing practice? 1. Tradition and authority (some traditional routines are ineffective, this is considered the leader of EBP) 2. Clinical experience, trial and error (reliable source of knowledge, has limitations as a source of evidence, nurses experience is too narrow, tends to be disorganized and solutions may be idiosyncratic- may be done in one’s own way) 3. Assembled information (has some useful information, but provides no mechanism to actually guide improvements) 4. disciplined research (the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge that humans have developed) What is a paradigm? A worldview, a general perspective to explain the world’s complexities What are the two types of paradigms? Positivist paradigm and Constructivist paradigm Positivist Paradigm - called positivism - rooted in 19th century -guided by philosophers Isaac Newton and John Locke - Logical, rational, and scientific - Orderly, disciplined procedures with tight controls Explain what a positivist would think like? - assume that nature is ordered and regular - Reality exists independent of human observation - The real world is not affected by the human mind, the way we think, perceive, or experience - Determinism: phenomena do not happen by chance, but they are controlled and produced by antecedent causes - Research is aimed at understanding the underlying cause - attach importance to objectivity How might a positivist react to pain versus a constructivist? Positivist: if a person is in pain, the nurse assumes that there must be a direct, external stimuli for the pain, and whether it is related to trauma, burn injury, or chemical irritation. The nurse will try to remove the source of pain Constructivist: the nurse will understand that pain experience is different even with similar stimuli. This means that the nurse will need to explore the meaning and values of pain for optimal pain relief Constructivist Paradigm - called naturalistic paradigm - began as a countermovement to positivism - Max Weber and Immanuel Kant - Alternative system for conducting research -focuses on the people participating in the research Explain what a naturalist would think like -they take position of relativism -if there is multiple interpretations of reality, they see it as a no "absolute truth" - believe that knowledge is maximized when the distance between the inquirer and participants in the study is minimized