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• Understand the steps involved in the scientific method correct answers Begin with curiosity and
pose a question.
Develop a hypothesis.
Test the hypothesis.
Draw conclusions.
Report the results.
nature vs. nurture debate correct answers nature: Traits, capacities, limitations each individual
inherits genetically from parents (at conception).
nurture: All environmental influences that affect development (after conception)
nurture: All environmental influences that affect development (after conception).
continuity development correct answers gradual growth
discontinuity development correct answers rapid dramatic growth (butterfly)
sensitive period correct answers Time when a particular development occurs most easily
Critical period correct answers Time when certain things must occur for normal development
plasticity correct answers Human traits can be molded, yet people maintain a certain durability of
identity
independent variables correct answers In an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see
what effect it has on the dependent variable.
dependent variables correct answers In an experiment, the variable
that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds
cross-sectional research correct answers A research design that compares groups of people who
differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics
longitudinal research correct answers research design in which the same individuals are followed
over time and their development is repeatedly assessed
cohort correct answers A group defined by the shared ages of its members
correlational research correct answers A correlation exists between two variables if one variable
is more (or less) likely to occur when the other does
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Zero correlation
Correlation is not causation!
, Germinal Period correct answers first two weeks after conception): rapid cell division and
beginning of cell differentiation
Embryonic Period correct answers 3rd through 8th week): basic forms of all body structures
develop
Fetal Period correct answers 9th week until birth): fetus grows in size and matures in functioning
viability correct answers 22 weeks
Apgar Scale correct answers Quick assessment of newborn's heart rate, breathing, muscle tone,
color, and reflexes
Completed twice (1 minute and 5 minutes after birth)
Score of 0, 1, or 2 in each category
Desired score: 7 or above
reflexes correct answers breathing, suckling, stepping, moro
LBW correct answers Low Birth Weight (LBW): A body weight at birth of less than 5 ½ pounds
(2,500 grams).
VLBW correct answers Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW): A body weight at birth of less than 3
pounds, 5 ounces (1,500 grams).
ELBW correct answers Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW): A body weight at birth of less
than 2 pounds, 3 ounces; (1,000 grams
Preterm correct answers Birth that occurs at 35 or fewer weeks after conception
Usually associated with low birthweight
Height and Weight correct answers Average weight at birth: 7.5 pounds
Average length: 20 inches
These numbers are norms or average measurements
head sparing correct answers biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition
disrupts
body growth
piagets stages 1 correct answers (birth-1 month) Modification of newborn reflexes (sucking,
grasping, stepping, swimming, etc.) REFLEXES
2 correct answers 1-4 months) Primary circular reactions HABITS
3 correct answers (4-8 months) Secondary circular reactions SIGHTS
• Understand the steps involved in the scientific method correct answers Begin with curiosity and
pose a question.
Develop a hypothesis.
Test the hypothesis.
Draw conclusions.
Report the results.
nature vs. nurture debate correct answers nature: Traits, capacities, limitations each individual
inherits genetically from parents (at conception).
nurture: All environmental influences that affect development (after conception)
nurture: All environmental influences that affect development (after conception).
continuity development correct answers gradual growth
discontinuity development correct answers rapid dramatic growth (butterfly)
sensitive period correct answers Time when a particular development occurs most easily
Critical period correct answers Time when certain things must occur for normal development
plasticity correct answers Human traits can be molded, yet people maintain a certain durability of
identity
independent variables correct answers In an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see
what effect it has on the dependent variable.
dependent variables correct answers In an experiment, the variable
that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds
cross-sectional research correct answers A research design that compares groups of people who
differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics
longitudinal research correct answers research design in which the same individuals are followed
over time and their development is repeatedly assessed
cohort correct answers A group defined by the shared ages of its members
correlational research correct answers A correlation exists between two variables if one variable
is more (or less) likely to occur when the other does
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Zero correlation
Correlation is not causation!
, Germinal Period correct answers first two weeks after conception): rapid cell division and
beginning of cell differentiation
Embryonic Period correct answers 3rd through 8th week): basic forms of all body structures
develop
Fetal Period correct answers 9th week until birth): fetus grows in size and matures in functioning
viability correct answers 22 weeks
Apgar Scale correct answers Quick assessment of newborn's heart rate, breathing, muscle tone,
color, and reflexes
Completed twice (1 minute and 5 minutes after birth)
Score of 0, 1, or 2 in each category
Desired score: 7 or above
reflexes correct answers breathing, suckling, stepping, moro
LBW correct answers Low Birth Weight (LBW): A body weight at birth of less than 5 ½ pounds
(2,500 grams).
VLBW correct answers Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW): A body weight at birth of less than 3
pounds, 5 ounces (1,500 grams).
ELBW correct answers Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW): A body weight at birth of less
than 2 pounds, 3 ounces; (1,000 grams
Preterm correct answers Birth that occurs at 35 or fewer weeks after conception
Usually associated with low birthweight
Height and Weight correct answers Average weight at birth: 7.5 pounds
Average length: 20 inches
These numbers are norms or average measurements
head sparing correct answers biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition
disrupts
body growth
piagets stages 1 correct answers (birth-1 month) Modification of newborn reflexes (sucking,
grasping, stepping, swimming, etc.) REFLEXES
2 correct answers 1-4 months) Primary circular reactions HABITS
3 correct answers (4-8 months) Secondary circular reactions SIGHTS
