PCB 3063 EXAM 1
gene - ✔️✔️fundamental unit of heredity; an inherited factor that helps determine a
trait; often defined at the molecular levels as a DNA sequence that is transcribed into an
RNA molecule
model genetic organism - ✔️✔️organisms with characteristics that make them
particularly useful for genetic analysis and about which a tremendous amount of genetic
information has accumulated
genome - ✔️✔️complete set of genetic instructions for any organism; encoded in
nucleic acid
transmission genetics - ✔️✔️encompasses the basic principles of heredity and how
traits are passed from one generation to the next
molecular genetics - ✔️✔️concerns the chemical nature of the gene itself: how genetic
information is encoded, replicated and expressed
population genetics - ✔️✔️explores the genetic composition of groups and individuals
of the same species (population) and how that composition changes over time and
space
pangenesis - ✔️✔️ancient greeks developed; concept suggested that specific pieces of
information traveled from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs from
which they are passed to the embryo; was proven incorrect
inheritance of acquired characteristics - ✔️✔️ancient greeks lead to this; which traits
acquired in a person;s lifetime e become incorporated into that person's hereditary
information and are passed on to offspring; ex. musical ability ; was proven incorrect
preformationism - ✔️✔️miniature organism reside in sex cells; thus all traits are
inherited from one parent; which was proven to be incorrect
blending inheritance - ✔️✔️proposed that the traits of offspring are a blender, or
mixture of parental traits; proved to be incorrect
cell theory - ✔️✔️schledian and schwann proposed; all life is composed of cells, cells
only arise from preexisting cells and the cell is the fundamental unit of structure ad
function in living organisms. ; was proven correct
, germ plasm theory - ✔️✔️weismann; holds that the cells in the reproductive organs
carry a complete set of genetic information that is passed to the egg and sperm ; was
proven correct
menedelian inhertiance - ✔️✔️traits are inherited according to specific pinrciples
proposed by mendel- was proven correct
two types of basic cells - ✔️✔️eukaryotic and prokaryotic
alleles - ✔️✔️genes that come in forms of
genes confer - ✔️✔️phenotypes
genetic information is carried in - ✔️✔️dna and rna
mutations - ✔️✔️changes in genetic information that can be passed from cell to cell or
from parent to offspring
genetic information is transferred from - ✔️✔️dna to rna in protein
repliecated chromosomes separate through - ✔️✔️the process of mitosis and meiosis
genes are located on - ✔️✔️chromosomes
prokaryote - ✔️✔️unicellular with a relatively simple cell structure- no nucleus
eukaryote - ✔️✔️has a compartmentalized cell structure with components bounded by
intracellular membranes; can be unicellular or multicellular
eubacteria - ✔️✔️true bacteria; type of prokaryotic
archaea - ✔️✔️ancient bacteria ; type of prokaryotic
nucleus - ✔️✔️covered by nuclear enveloped; contains genetic material
chromatin - ✔️✔️the complex of dana and histone proteins is called _____ also stuff of
eukaryotic chromosomes
histones - ✔️✔️in eukaryotes, dna is closely associated with a special class of protein
to form a packed chromosome
mitosis - ✔️✔️process by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides
gene - ✔️✔️fundamental unit of heredity; an inherited factor that helps determine a
trait; often defined at the molecular levels as a DNA sequence that is transcribed into an
RNA molecule
model genetic organism - ✔️✔️organisms with characteristics that make them
particularly useful for genetic analysis and about which a tremendous amount of genetic
information has accumulated
genome - ✔️✔️complete set of genetic instructions for any organism; encoded in
nucleic acid
transmission genetics - ✔️✔️encompasses the basic principles of heredity and how
traits are passed from one generation to the next
molecular genetics - ✔️✔️concerns the chemical nature of the gene itself: how genetic
information is encoded, replicated and expressed
population genetics - ✔️✔️explores the genetic composition of groups and individuals
of the same species (population) and how that composition changes over time and
space
pangenesis - ✔️✔️ancient greeks developed; concept suggested that specific pieces of
information traveled from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs from
which they are passed to the embryo; was proven incorrect
inheritance of acquired characteristics - ✔️✔️ancient greeks lead to this; which traits
acquired in a person;s lifetime e become incorporated into that person's hereditary
information and are passed on to offspring; ex. musical ability ; was proven incorrect
preformationism - ✔️✔️miniature organism reside in sex cells; thus all traits are
inherited from one parent; which was proven to be incorrect
blending inheritance - ✔️✔️proposed that the traits of offspring are a blender, or
mixture of parental traits; proved to be incorrect
cell theory - ✔️✔️schledian and schwann proposed; all life is composed of cells, cells
only arise from preexisting cells and the cell is the fundamental unit of structure ad
function in living organisms. ; was proven correct
, germ plasm theory - ✔️✔️weismann; holds that the cells in the reproductive organs
carry a complete set of genetic information that is passed to the egg and sperm ; was
proven correct
menedelian inhertiance - ✔️✔️traits are inherited according to specific pinrciples
proposed by mendel- was proven correct
two types of basic cells - ✔️✔️eukaryotic and prokaryotic
alleles - ✔️✔️genes that come in forms of
genes confer - ✔️✔️phenotypes
genetic information is carried in - ✔️✔️dna and rna
mutations - ✔️✔️changes in genetic information that can be passed from cell to cell or
from parent to offspring
genetic information is transferred from - ✔️✔️dna to rna in protein
repliecated chromosomes separate through - ✔️✔️the process of mitosis and meiosis
genes are located on - ✔️✔️chromosomes
prokaryote - ✔️✔️unicellular with a relatively simple cell structure- no nucleus
eukaryote - ✔️✔️has a compartmentalized cell structure with components bounded by
intracellular membranes; can be unicellular or multicellular
eubacteria - ✔️✔️true bacteria; type of prokaryotic
archaea - ✔️✔️ancient bacteria ; type of prokaryotic
nucleus - ✔️✔️covered by nuclear enveloped; contains genetic material
chromatin - ✔️✔️the complex of dana and histone proteins is called _____ also stuff of
eukaryotic chromosomes
histones - ✔️✔️in eukaryotes, dna is closely associated with a special class of protein
to form a packed chromosome
mitosis - ✔️✔️process by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides
