Research Article Appraisal, Part Two
Legal & Ethical Issues
1. Briefly discuss institutional review board approval for the study.
The study was approved by the Yale University Human Investigations Committee and the
institutional review board of the FQHC. Healthcare professionals participating in the
study completed a written consent form. Patient participants provided verbal consent at
the time of survey administration (Nembhard et al., 2020, p. 12).
2. Explain how ethical principles of research (beneficence/harm, justice, privacy, and
autonomy) were followed to protect subjects if that was explained or implied.
The principle of autonomy was implied as the participants could choose if they did or did
not want to be a part of the study and had the right to leave the study at any time.
3. If the study included subjects from a vulnerable population as described in the
textbook, describe any additional safeguards used to protect them.
The study included subjects from community health centers that serve socioeconomically
disadvantaged patients. No additional safeguards to protect these patients were noted in
the study.
, Measurement Tools
Fill out the table below for the major variables in the study (NOT demographic variables).
You can add rows as needed, depending on how many measurement tools were used. Boxes
can be expanded for more content.
Name of Tool Level of Reliability Validity
(Author, year) Measurement reported reported
CG-CAHPS Survey The study measures the CG-CAHPS survey According to
Tool used to measure dependent variable of answers were averaged Nembhard et al.
the dependent variable the patient care in each composite and (2020), the CG-
of the patient care experience using the were determined to be CAHPS survey has
experience. ordinal level of highly correlated (p- been used in other
(Crofton et al., 1999) measurement. values < 0.001); the studies of care
average of the four coordination, and
composite scores was the sites already
used to present an administer the
overall patient care surveys for
experience score for performance
each patient monitoring (p. 5).
(Nembhard et al.,
2020, p. 5).
PCMH supplement The study measures the PCMH supplemental According to
Item Set dependent variable of Item Set survey Nembhard et al.
Tool used to measure the patient care answers were averaged (2020), the CG-
the dependent variable experience using the in each composite and CAHPS survey has
, of the patient care ordinal level of were determined to be been used in other
experience. measurement. highly correlated (p- care coordination
(Scholle et al., 2012) values < 0.001), the studies, and the
average of the four sites already
composite scores was administer the
used to present an surveys for
overall patient care performance
experience score for monitoring (p. 5).
each patient
(Nembhard et al.,
2020. p. 5).
Organizational The study measures the The average scores of According to
Assessment Survey dependent variable of the two scales were Nembhard et al.
Scales of core teamwork aspects highly correlated (p- (2020), the study
Interprofessional using an ordinal value < 0.001), authors utilized validated
Collaboration and measurement level. created a summary survey scales to
Relational teamwork score for assess core aspects
Coordination each primary care team of teamwork (p. 6).
(Actual survey name member participant
not specified) (Nembhard et al.,
2020, p. 6).
Facilitating Attributes The study measures the The reliability of the The validity of the
Scale dependent variable of scale was not noted in scale was not noted
(Venkatesh et al., nurses’ experiences the study. in the study.
Legal & Ethical Issues
1. Briefly discuss institutional review board approval for the study.
The study was approved by the Yale University Human Investigations Committee and the
institutional review board of the FQHC. Healthcare professionals participating in the
study completed a written consent form. Patient participants provided verbal consent at
the time of survey administration (Nembhard et al., 2020, p. 12).
2. Explain how ethical principles of research (beneficence/harm, justice, privacy, and
autonomy) were followed to protect subjects if that was explained or implied.
The principle of autonomy was implied as the participants could choose if they did or did
not want to be a part of the study and had the right to leave the study at any time.
3. If the study included subjects from a vulnerable population as described in the
textbook, describe any additional safeguards used to protect them.
The study included subjects from community health centers that serve socioeconomically
disadvantaged patients. No additional safeguards to protect these patients were noted in
the study.
, Measurement Tools
Fill out the table below for the major variables in the study (NOT demographic variables).
You can add rows as needed, depending on how many measurement tools were used. Boxes
can be expanded for more content.
Name of Tool Level of Reliability Validity
(Author, year) Measurement reported reported
CG-CAHPS Survey The study measures the CG-CAHPS survey According to
Tool used to measure dependent variable of answers were averaged Nembhard et al.
the dependent variable the patient care in each composite and (2020), the CG-
of the patient care experience using the were determined to be CAHPS survey has
experience. ordinal level of highly correlated (p- been used in other
(Crofton et al., 1999) measurement. values < 0.001); the studies of care
average of the four coordination, and
composite scores was the sites already
used to present an administer the
overall patient care surveys for
experience score for performance
each patient monitoring (p. 5).
(Nembhard et al.,
2020, p. 5).
PCMH supplement The study measures the PCMH supplemental According to
Item Set dependent variable of Item Set survey Nembhard et al.
Tool used to measure the patient care answers were averaged (2020), the CG-
the dependent variable experience using the in each composite and CAHPS survey has
, of the patient care ordinal level of were determined to be been used in other
experience. measurement. highly correlated (p- care coordination
(Scholle et al., 2012) values < 0.001), the studies, and the
average of the four sites already
composite scores was administer the
used to present an surveys for
overall patient care performance
experience score for monitoring (p. 5).
each patient
(Nembhard et al.,
2020. p. 5).
Organizational The study measures the The average scores of According to
Assessment Survey dependent variable of the two scales were Nembhard et al.
Scales of core teamwork aspects highly correlated (p- (2020), the study
Interprofessional using an ordinal value < 0.001), authors utilized validated
Collaboration and measurement level. created a summary survey scales to
Relational teamwork score for assess core aspects
Coordination each primary care team of teamwork (p. 6).
(Actual survey name member participant
not specified) (Nembhard et al.,
2020, p. 6).
Facilitating Attributes The study measures the The reliability of the The validity of the
Scale dependent variable of scale was not noted in scale was not noted
(Venkatesh et al., nurses’ experiences the study. in the study.
