ECPI ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM CHAPTERS 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ECPI2024-2025: ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM: CHAPTERS 1-3

NEGATIVE iiFEEDBACK: ii- iiAnswers ii-Effectors iireturn iiconditions iitoward iinormal
iirange. ii


- iiCalled ii"negative" iibc iithe iiresponse iito iithe iichange iimoved iithe iivariable iiin iiopposite
iidirection ii(negative) iiof iithe iideviation iifrom iithe iiset iipoint. ii
- iiMost iicommon iitype iiof iihomeostatic iimechanism.
- iiPrevents iisudden, iisevere iichanges iiin iithe iibody. ii
- iiEx: iinegative iifeedback iicontrols iibody iitemp., iiblood iipressure, iiglucose iilevel iiin iithe
iiblood.


POSITIVE iiFEEDBACK: ii- iiAnswers ii-Change/deviation iiis iiintensified ii- iinot iireversed.
iiActivity iiof iieffector iiis iiincreased iiinitially, iiinstead iiof iidecreasing.
- iiUncommon iiin iibody ii/ iishort-lived
- iiProduce iiunstable iiconditions iithat iiseem iilike iithey iiwill iinot iilead iito iihomeostasis, iibut
iithey iiwill. ii
- iiEx: iiblood iiclotting iiand iiuterus iicontractions iiof iichildbirth.

ANATOMY: ii- iiAnswers ii-Study iiof iistructure iiof iithe iihuman iibody iiand iiits iiparts

- iiDerived iifrom iithe iiGreek iiword ii"cutting iiup"

PHYSIOLOGY: ii- iiAnswers ii-Study iiof iifunctions iiof iihuman iibody iiand iiits iiparts. ii

- iiDerived iifrom iithe iiGreek iiword ii"relationship iito iinature"

-stasis: ii- iiAnswers ii-Having iia iistate iiof iibalance iior iistability. ii

Ex: iihomeostasis

Peri- ii- iiAnswers ii-Around ii

Ex: iipericardium ii(around iithe iiheart)

Hypo: ii- iiAnswers ii-Low, iiunder, iibeneath, iidown, iior iibelow iinormal

Ex: iihypoglycemia ii- iilow iiblood iisugar

Hyper: ii- iiAnswers ii-High, iibeyond, iiexcessive, iior iiabove iinormal

, Ex: iihyperglycemia ii- iihigh iiblood iisugar

Epi: ii- iiAnswers ii-Upon, iion iitop iiof

Pariet: ii- iiAnswers ii-A iiwall ii(of iithe iibody)

VISCERAL iiLAYER: ii- iiAnswers ii-Inner iilayer iiwhich iicovers iian iiorgan

PARIETAL iiLAYER: ii- iiAnswers ii-Outer iilayer iiwhich iilines iiwall iiof iicavity

MEMDIASTINUM: ii- iiAnswers ii-Region iibetween iilungs iiin iithoracic iicavity, iiwhich
iicontains iiheart, iiesophagus, iitrachea, iithymus iigland.


CONTRALATERAL: ii- iiAnswers ii-Opposite iisides

IPSILATERAL: ii- iiAnswers ii-Same iiside

HOMEOSTASIS: ii- iiAnswers ii-Maintenance iiof iia iistable iiinternal iienvironment.

LEVELS iiOF iiORGANIZATION iiIN iiORDER iiFROM iiMOST iiSIMPLE: ii- iiAnswers ii-
Subatomic iiparticles
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ iisystem ii
Organism

SUBATOMIC iiPARTICLES: ii- iiAnswers ii-Protons, iineutrons, iielectrons iithat iimake iiup
iicells


ATOM: ii- iiAnswers ii-Tiny iiparticles iithat iimake iiup iichemicals ii(hydrogen, iicarbon)

MOLECULE: ii- iiAnswers ii-Particles iiconsisting iiof iiatoms iijoined iitogether ii(water,
iiglucose)


MACROMOLECULE: ii- iiAnswers ii-Large iiparticles iiconsisting iiof iimolecules ii(DNA,
iiprotein)


ORGANELLE: ii- iiAnswers ii-Functional iipart iiof iia iicell ii(mitochondrion, iilysosome) ii-
iismall iiversion iiof iian iiorgan ii
"little iiorgan"