Pathophysiology Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Answers Latest 2024 Update(Complete test bank
100% correct)
Which statement is true regarding the specificity theory of pain?
A. Focuses on the attention of pain
B. Focuses on the previous experience of pain
C. Relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft-tissue injury
D. Is related to the emotions exhibited toward pain - -----ANSWER---->C.
Which two systems regulate the complex emotional responses to pain?
A. Frontal and cerebellar lobes
B. Limbic and reticular systems
C. Thalamus and brainstem
D. Midbrain and nuclei of thalamus - -----ANSWER---->B.
Which of the following is classified as a myofascial pain syndrome?
A. Muscle strain
B. Mastectomy
C. Neck dissection
D. Surgical amputation - -----ANSWER---->A.
Which part of the brain is responsible for temperature regulation?
A. Thalamus
B. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
,D. Limbic system - -----ANSWER---->C.
Neuromatrix Theory of Pain - -----ANSWER---->Integrates multiple sources of input resulting in the
cognitive, affective and sensory perceptions of pain. Sensation patterns may be induced in the absence
of a sensory trigger (may explain phantom and chronic pain).
nociception - -----ANSWER---->the processing of pain
Transduction - -----ANSWER---->begins when tissue is damaged by any number of factors and is
converted to electrophysiologic activity
Transmission - -----ANSWER---->conduction of pain impulses along the A and C nerve fibers into the
spinal cord and to the brainstem
Perception - -----ANSWER---->the conscious awareness of pain
Modulation - -----ANSWER---->the physiologic process of suppressing or facilitating pain
Nociceptors - -----ANSWER---->bare nerve endings in the skin, muscle, etc. that respond to chemical,
mechanical, and thermal stimuli.
Myelinated A- Delta fibers - -----ANSWER---->Transmission is fast and conveys mechanical and thermal,
sharp, and localized pain
Unmyelinated C fivers - -----ANSWER---->transmission is slower and conveys diffuse burning and aching
sensations
Pain threshold - -----ANSWER---->the point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain. Does not significantly
vary among people.
Pain tolerance - -----ANSWER---->the duration of time or intensity of pain that an individual will endure
before initiating overt pain responses. Very Individualized.
,Acute Pain - -----ANSWER---->Is a protective mechanism Lasts less than 3 months
Clinical manifestations of Acute Pain - -----ANSWER---->Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, dilated
pupils, outward pain behaviors, elevated blood sugar levels, decreased gastric acid secretion and
intestinal motility
Acute Somatic pain - -----ANSWER---->Arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, and skin. A delta
fibers (sharp and localized). C fibers (pain is dull and aching, throbing and poorly localized
Acute visceral Pain - -----ANSWER---->Pain arises from the internal organs and lining of body cavities. Pain
is poorly localized as a result of fewer nerve fibers.
Referred pain - -----ANSWER---->Pain in an area is removed or distant from its point of origin
Chronic Pain - -----ANSWER---->Lasts loner then 3 months and does not respond to usual therapy.
Complex regional pain syndrome - -----ANSWER---->develops 1-2 weeks after an extremity injury or
brachial plexus or peripheral nerves
Hypothalamus - -----ANSWER---->Thermoregulation center in the body
Major sleep center of the body
Factors that produce and conserve heat - -----ANSWER---->Chemical reactions of metabolism, Skeletal
muscle contraction, Vasoconstriction, voluntary mechanisms
Exogenous pyrogens - -----ANSWER---->-endotoxins produced by pathogens tells the hypothalamus to
increase body temp.
- Derived from outside the body
Endogenous pyrogens - -----ANSWER---->-Pyrogen derived from inside the body
, -Prostaglandin-E2, interleukin-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, interferon-y. Tells hypothalamus to increase temp.
Endogenous Cryogens - -----ANSWER---->Decrease body temperature
-Antipyretics
Benefits of Fever - -----ANSWER---->Promotes lysosomal breakdown and autodestruction of cells.
Increases lymphocytic transformation and phagocyte motility.
heat exhaustion - -----ANSWER---->collapse in response to prolonged high core or environmental temp.
Signs of heat exhaustion - -----ANSWER---->Prolonged vasodilation, profuse sweating Dehydration,
hypotension, decreased cardiac output, tachycardia.
Clinical manifestations of Heat Stroke - -----ANSWER---->Cerebral edema, degeneration of the CNS, Renal
tubular necrosis, Ceased sweating
Hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->Temperature below 95 degrees F
Vasoconstriction, alterations in microcircualtion, coagulation, ischemic tissue damage
Therapeutic Hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->ATP is preserved.
Is used to slow metabolism and preserve ischemic tissue during surgery, especially brain surgery, or limb
reimplantation.
accidental hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->-ATP is depleted
-Commonly the result of sudden immersion in cold water or prolonged exposure to cold
Dyssomnias - -----ANSWER---->Difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep or excessive sleepiness
Answers Latest 2024 Update(Complete test bank
100% correct)
Which statement is true regarding the specificity theory of pain?
A. Focuses on the attention of pain
B. Focuses on the previous experience of pain
C. Relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft-tissue injury
D. Is related to the emotions exhibited toward pain - -----ANSWER---->C.
Which two systems regulate the complex emotional responses to pain?
A. Frontal and cerebellar lobes
B. Limbic and reticular systems
C. Thalamus and brainstem
D. Midbrain and nuclei of thalamus - -----ANSWER---->B.
Which of the following is classified as a myofascial pain syndrome?
A. Muscle strain
B. Mastectomy
C. Neck dissection
D. Surgical amputation - -----ANSWER---->A.
Which part of the brain is responsible for temperature regulation?
A. Thalamus
B. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
,D. Limbic system - -----ANSWER---->C.
Neuromatrix Theory of Pain - -----ANSWER---->Integrates multiple sources of input resulting in the
cognitive, affective and sensory perceptions of pain. Sensation patterns may be induced in the absence
of a sensory trigger (may explain phantom and chronic pain).
nociception - -----ANSWER---->the processing of pain
Transduction - -----ANSWER---->begins when tissue is damaged by any number of factors and is
converted to electrophysiologic activity
Transmission - -----ANSWER---->conduction of pain impulses along the A and C nerve fibers into the
spinal cord and to the brainstem
Perception - -----ANSWER---->the conscious awareness of pain
Modulation - -----ANSWER---->the physiologic process of suppressing or facilitating pain
Nociceptors - -----ANSWER---->bare nerve endings in the skin, muscle, etc. that respond to chemical,
mechanical, and thermal stimuli.
Myelinated A- Delta fibers - -----ANSWER---->Transmission is fast and conveys mechanical and thermal,
sharp, and localized pain
Unmyelinated C fivers - -----ANSWER---->transmission is slower and conveys diffuse burning and aching
sensations
Pain threshold - -----ANSWER---->the point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain. Does not significantly
vary among people.
Pain tolerance - -----ANSWER---->the duration of time or intensity of pain that an individual will endure
before initiating overt pain responses. Very Individualized.
,Acute Pain - -----ANSWER---->Is a protective mechanism Lasts less than 3 months
Clinical manifestations of Acute Pain - -----ANSWER---->Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, dilated
pupils, outward pain behaviors, elevated blood sugar levels, decreased gastric acid secretion and
intestinal motility
Acute Somatic pain - -----ANSWER---->Arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, and skin. A delta
fibers (sharp and localized). C fibers (pain is dull and aching, throbing and poorly localized
Acute visceral Pain - -----ANSWER---->Pain arises from the internal organs and lining of body cavities. Pain
is poorly localized as a result of fewer nerve fibers.
Referred pain - -----ANSWER---->Pain in an area is removed or distant from its point of origin
Chronic Pain - -----ANSWER---->Lasts loner then 3 months and does not respond to usual therapy.
Complex regional pain syndrome - -----ANSWER---->develops 1-2 weeks after an extremity injury or
brachial plexus or peripheral nerves
Hypothalamus - -----ANSWER---->Thermoregulation center in the body
Major sleep center of the body
Factors that produce and conserve heat - -----ANSWER---->Chemical reactions of metabolism, Skeletal
muscle contraction, Vasoconstriction, voluntary mechanisms
Exogenous pyrogens - -----ANSWER---->-endotoxins produced by pathogens tells the hypothalamus to
increase body temp.
- Derived from outside the body
Endogenous pyrogens - -----ANSWER---->-Pyrogen derived from inside the body
, -Prostaglandin-E2, interleukin-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, interferon-y. Tells hypothalamus to increase temp.
Endogenous Cryogens - -----ANSWER---->Decrease body temperature
-Antipyretics
Benefits of Fever - -----ANSWER---->Promotes lysosomal breakdown and autodestruction of cells.
Increases lymphocytic transformation and phagocyte motility.
heat exhaustion - -----ANSWER---->collapse in response to prolonged high core or environmental temp.
Signs of heat exhaustion - -----ANSWER---->Prolonged vasodilation, profuse sweating Dehydration,
hypotension, decreased cardiac output, tachycardia.
Clinical manifestations of Heat Stroke - -----ANSWER---->Cerebral edema, degeneration of the CNS, Renal
tubular necrosis, Ceased sweating
Hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->Temperature below 95 degrees F
Vasoconstriction, alterations in microcircualtion, coagulation, ischemic tissue damage
Therapeutic Hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->ATP is preserved.
Is used to slow metabolism and preserve ischemic tissue during surgery, especially brain surgery, or limb
reimplantation.
accidental hypothermia - -----ANSWER---->-ATP is depleted
-Commonly the result of sudden immersion in cold water or prolonged exposure to cold
Dyssomnias - -----ANSWER---->Difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep or excessive sleepiness
