Paramedic Care - Neurology Review Questions with complete Solutions Graded A+

Paramedic Care - Neurology Review Questions with complete Solutions Graded A+ absence seizure - Answers type of generalized seizure with sudden onset, characterized by a brief loss of awareness and rapid recovery afferent - Answers carrying impulses toward the central nervous system. Sensory nerves are afferent nerves Alzheimer's disease - Answers degenerative brain disorder; the most common cause of dementia in elderly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Answers progressive degeneration of specific nerve cells that control voluntary movement characterized by weakness, loss of motor control, difficulty speaking, and cramping. AKA Lou Gehrig's disease apneustic respiration - Answers breathing characterized by a prolonged inspiration unrelieved by expiration attempts, seen in pts with damage to the upper part of the pons arachnoid membrane - Answers middle layer of the meninges ataxic respiration - Answers poor respirations due to central nervous system damage, causing ineffective thoracic muscular coordination autonomic nervous system - Answers part of the nervous system controlling involuntary bodily functions. Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems Bell's palsy - Answers one-sided facial paralysis with an unknown cause characterized by the inability to close the eye, pain, tearing of the eyes, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound, and impairment of taste brain abscess - Answers collection of pus localized in an area of the brain brainstem - Answers part of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. Consists of the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongate Cauda equina syndrome - Answers condition caused by significant narrowing of the spinal canal that compresses the nerve roots below the level of the spinal cord, causing back pain, leg pain, numbness in the groin or perineal region, bowel and bladder disturbances, as well as diminished reflexes, muscle weakness, and loss of sensation in the lower extremeities central nervous system - Answers the brain and the spinal cord central neurogenic hyperventilation - Answers hyperventilation caused by a lesion in the central nervous system, often characterized by rapid, noisy respirations central pain syndrome - Answers condition resulting from damage or injury to the bran, brainstem, or spinal cord characterized by intense, steady pain described as burning, aching, tingling, or a "pins & needle" sensation cerebellum - Answers portion of the brain located dorsally to the pons and medulla oblongata. Plays important role in the fine motor movement, posture, equilibrium and muscle tone cerebrospinal fluid - Answers watery, clear fluid that acts as a cushion, protecting the brain and spinal cord from physical impact. Serves as an accessory circulatory system for the central nervous system cerebrum - Answers largest part of the brain, consisting of 2 hemispheres. Is the seat of consciousness and the center of the higher mental functions such as memory, learning, reasoning, judgment, intelligence and emotions Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Answers breathing pattern characterized by a period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds, followed by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respirations clonic phase - Answers phase of a seizure characterized by alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles coma - Answers state of unconsciousness from which the pt can't be aroused complex partial seizure - Answers type of partial seizure usually originating in the temporal lobe characterized by an aura & focal findings such as alterations in the mental status or mood cranial nerves - Answers 12 pairs of nerves that extend from the lower surface of the brain Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease - Answers rare form of brain damage that leads to a rapid decrease in mental function and movement characterized by dementia, ataxia, hallucinations, jerking and general decline Cushing's triad - Answers collective change in vitals signs (increase BP, decrease pulse rate, and irregular respirations) associated with increasing intercranial pressure decerebrate posturing - Answers sustained contraction of extensor muscles of the extremities resulting from a lesion in the brainstem. Pt presents with stiff and extended extremities and retracted head decorticate posturing - Answers characteristic posture associated with a lesion at or above the upper brainstem. Pt presents with arms flexed, fists clenched, and legs extended degenerative neurologic disorders - Answers collection of diseases hat selectively affect 1 or more functional systems of the central nervous system dermatomes - Answers areas of the skin innervated by spinal nerves diencephalon - Answers portion of the brain lying beneath the cerebrum and above the brainstem. Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and limbis system dura mater - Answers tough outermost layer of the meninges dystonias - Answers group of disorders characterized by muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal postures, or freezing in the middle of an action efferent - Answers carrying impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery. Motor nerves are efferent nerves generalized seizures - Answers seizures that begin as an electrical discharge in a small area of the brain but spread to involve the entire cerebral cortex, causing widespread malfunction Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Answers tool used in evaluating and quantifying the degree of coma by determining the best motor, verbal and eye-opening response to standarized stimuli Guillain- Barre' syndrome - Answers condition caused when the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to nerve inflammation that causes muscle weakness that can worse to paralysis Huntington's disease - Answers disease caused by a genetic defect and characterized by rigidity, slow movements, tremor, behavioral changes, unusual movement and dementia Korsakoff's psychosis - Answers psychosis characterized by disorientation, muttering delirium, insomnia, delusions, and hallucinations. Symptoms include painful extremities, bilateral wrist drop (rarely), bilateral foot drop (frequently), and pain on pressure over the long nerves Kussmaul's respiration - Answers rapid deep respirations caused by severe metabolic and central nervous system problems medulla oblongata - Answers lower portion of the brainstem, connecting the pons and the spinal cord. Contains major centers for control of the respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor activity meninges - Answers membranes covering and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Consist of pia mater, arachnoid membrane and dura mater mesencephalon - Answers portion of the brain connecting the pons and cerebellum with the cerebral hemispheres; also called the midbrain. Controls motor coordination and eye movement multiple sclerosis (MS) - Answers disease that involves inflammation of certain nerve cells followed by demyelinations, or the destruction of the myelin sheath, which is the fatty insulation surrounding nerve fibers muscular dystrophy (MD) - Answers group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscle fibers myoclonus - Answers temporary, involuntary twitching or spasm of a muscle or group of muscles