Exam (elaborations) fundamentals of human physiology

Fundamentals of human
physiology exam 1
Questions With Correct
Answers

,define physiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-study of functions of living things

what type of relationships does physiology focus on? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
structure- function relationships
example- heart receiving and pumping blood

what is homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWERS-maintenance of a relatively stable internal
environment
essential for survival and function of all cells
use physiological processes to maintain homeostasis

what is the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. make observations
b. form hypothesis
c. design and conduct experiments
d. analyze the dats
e. results replicated before conclusion accepted
f. verified hypothesis can become theory

how do physiological systems act to maintain homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pathways:
1. sensor-detects deviation in a condition
2. integrating center- controls the activity of the effector
3. effector- makes appropriate adjustments

sensor (in detail) - CORRECT ANSWERS-detects deviations in a condition away from a
specified level (set point)

integrating center (in detail) - CORRECT ANSWERS-controls the activity of the
effectors based on input from the sensors
-regulates around a setpoint

effector (in detail) - CORRECT ANSWERS-makes appropriate adjustments to counter
the change
-usually operates by feedback loop

what is feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS-control center that sends signals to effectors
making adjustments to stay in homeostasis

what are the two types of feedback loops? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. negative
feedback loop
2. positive feedback loop

, negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-change in condition leads to response
which counteracts that change
(most common one)

positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-change in a condition leads to a
response which amplifies that change

homeostasis is maintained by what? - CORRECT ANSWERS-opposing effectors- move
conditions in opposite directions
-maintains variables within a certain normal range, or dynamic constancy
-example: hot-you sweat, cold- you shiver

regulation of processes within organs can occur in what two ways? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-intrinsically and extrinsically

intrinsically - CORRECT ANSWERS-cells within the organ sense change and signal to
neighboring cells to respond appropriately

extrinsically - CORRECT ANSWERS-outside of organ
-endocrine system- secrete hormones
-nervous system- send messages to tissue

adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS-characteristic that favors survival in a specific
environment
-inherited change
(irreversible)

acclimitization - CORRECT ANSWERS-improved functioning of an already existing
homeostatic system
-reversible

levels of organization - CORRECT ANSWERS-cell- basic unit of living things
tissue- group of similar cells
organ- group of two or more tissues
system- group of organs that work together to preform related function
organism- multiple systems working together

what are the 4 major types of tissues? - CORRECT ANSWERS-muscle
nervous
epithelial
connective

muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS-contraction
three types:
-skeletal: striated appearance, multiple nuclei, voluntary control