Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
What is leukoplakia? Correct Ans-White plaque that cannot be scraped away (in contrast
to candidiasis) that can (but does not always) represent a squamous cell dysplasia that can be
a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
How does leukoplakia differ from oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-Oral
candidiasis: white deposit on tongue that is easily scraped away and is typically seen in
immunocrompromised
Hairy leukoplakia: white rough patch on LATERAL tongue that is seen in immunocompromised
people; due to EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia and IS NOT premalignant
Is hairy leukoplakia premalignant? Correct Ans-No
What causes hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-EBV
What is erythroplakia? Correct Ans-Vascularized leukoplakia that is highly suggestive of
squamous cell dysplasia; more of a concern than leukoplakia
How do you determine if leukoplakia and erythroplakia are dysplastic/cancerous? Correct
Ans-Biopsy
Oral candidiasis picture Correct Ans-
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
Hairy leukoplakia picture Correct Ans-Note lateral location!
Are salivary glands endocrine or exocrine glands? Correct Ans-Exocrine; they secrete saliva
What are the divisions of salivary glands? Correct Ans-Major (parotid, submandibular,
sublingual) and minor (hundreds of microscopic glands)
Name the three major salivary glands Correct Ans-Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
What is a virus that often results in bilateral inflamed parotid glands? Correct Ans-Mumps
Other than inflammation of parotid gland, what can mumps cause (3 things)? Correct Ans-
1. Orchitis
2. Pancreatitis
3. Aseptic meningitis
What is the worry about mumps in teenage boys? Correct Ans-Orchitis leading to sterility
What enzyme is elevated in mumps? Correct Ans-Serum amylase (can be due either to
salivary gland or pancreatic involvement)
Full thickness defect of lip and palate Correct Ans-Cleft lip and palate
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
What causes cleft lip and palate? Correct Ans-Failure of the five facial prominences to fuse
How does the face form? Correct Ans-During early pregnancy, facial prominences (one
superior, two from side, two inferior) grow together and fuse to form face
Do cleft lip and palate usually occur together? Correct Ans-Yes; isolated cleft lip or palate is
less common
What is an aphthous ulcer? How does it appear? Correct Ans-Painful superficial ulceration
of the oral mucosa; Grayish base surrounded by erythema
When does aphthous ulcer arise? Correct Ans-In response to stress
Treatment for aphthous ulcer Correct Ans-Resolves spontaneously, but can recur
What is the grayish base of the aphthous ulcer? Correct Ans-Granulation tissue
Triad of Behcet Syndrome Correct Ans-Recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis
What causes Behcet Syndrome? Correct Ans-Immune complex vasculitis involving small
vessels
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
Etiology of Behcet Syndrome Correct Ans-Unknown; can be seen after viral infeciont
Oral herpes definition Correct Ans-Vesicles involving oral muscosa that rupture resulting in
shallow, painful red ulcers; due to HSV1
When does primary HSV1 infection occur, and where does it lay dormant? Correct Ans-
Usually primary infeciton occurs in childhood; Virus remains dormant in ganglia of trigeminal
nerve
What cause reactivation of HSV1 leading to "cold sore" Correct Ans-Stress, sunlight
Squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-Malignant neoplast of squamous cells lining the oral
mucosa
What are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-Tobacco and alcohol
What is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-Floor of
mouth
What are two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-Oral leukoplakia
and erythroplakia
What is leukoplakia? Correct Ans-White plaque that cannot be scraped away (in contrast
to candidiasis) that can (but does not always) represent a squamous cell dysplasia that can be
a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
How does leukoplakia differ from oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-Oral
candidiasis: white deposit on tongue that is easily scraped away and is typically seen in
immunocrompromised
Hairy leukoplakia: white rough patch on LATERAL tongue that is seen in immunocompromised
people; due to EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia and IS NOT premalignant
Is hairy leukoplakia premalignant? Correct Ans-No
What causes hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-EBV
What is erythroplakia? Correct Ans-Vascularized leukoplakia that is highly suggestive of
squamous cell dysplasia; more of a concern than leukoplakia
How do you determine if leukoplakia and erythroplakia are dysplastic/cancerous? Correct
Ans-Biopsy
Oral candidiasis picture Correct Ans-
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
Hairy leukoplakia picture Correct Ans-Note lateral location!
Are salivary glands endocrine or exocrine glands? Correct Ans-Exocrine; they secrete saliva
What are the divisions of salivary glands? Correct Ans-Major (parotid, submandibular,
sublingual) and minor (hundreds of microscopic glands)
Name the three major salivary glands Correct Ans-Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
What is a virus that often results in bilateral inflamed parotid glands? Correct Ans-Mumps
Other than inflammation of parotid gland, what can mumps cause (3 things)? Correct Ans-
1. Orchitis
2. Pancreatitis
3. Aseptic meningitis
What is the worry about mumps in teenage boys? Correct Ans-Orchitis leading to sterility
What enzyme is elevated in mumps? Correct Ans-Serum amylase (can be due either to
salivary gland or pancreatic involvement)
Full thickness defect of lip and palate Correct Ans-Cleft lip and palate
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
What causes cleft lip and palate? Correct Ans-Failure of the five facial prominences to fuse
How does the face form? Correct Ans-During early pregnancy, facial prominences (one
superior, two from side, two inferior) grow together and fuse to form face
Do cleft lip and palate usually occur together? Correct Ans-Yes; isolated cleft lip or palate is
less common
What is an aphthous ulcer? How does it appear? Correct Ans-Painful superficial ulceration
of the oral mucosa; Grayish base surrounded by erythema
When does aphthous ulcer arise? Correct Ans-In response to stress
Treatment for aphthous ulcer Correct Ans-Resolves spontaneously, but can recur
What is the grayish base of the aphthous ulcer? Correct Ans-Granulation tissue
Triad of Behcet Syndrome Correct Ans-Recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis
What causes Behcet Syndrome? Correct Ans-Immune complex vasculitis involving small
vessels
, Pathoma: Chapter 10- Questions and Answers
Etiology of Behcet Syndrome Correct Ans-Unknown; can be seen after viral infeciont
Oral herpes definition Correct Ans-Vesicles involving oral muscosa that rupture resulting in
shallow, painful red ulcers; due to HSV1
When does primary HSV1 infection occur, and where does it lay dormant? Correct Ans-
Usually primary infeciton occurs in childhood; Virus remains dormant in ganglia of trigeminal
nerve
What cause reactivation of HSV1 leading to "cold sore" Correct Ans-Stress, sunlight
Squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-Malignant neoplast of squamous cells lining the oral
mucosa
What are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-Tobacco and alcohol
What is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-Floor of
mouth
What are two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-Oral leukoplakia
and erythroplakia
