Nursing 3550 - Pharmacology of Cardiovascular
System questions with Correct answers
Diuretics are issued for what condition? Correct Answer-- treat
hypertension
- mobilization of edematous fluid associated with heart failures,
cirrhosis, or kidney disease
- prevent renal failure
Four functionally distinct regions of the nephron Correct Answer--
glomerulus
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal convoluted Tubule
Three functions of the kidney Correct Answer-- cleansing of
extracellular fluid (ECF) and maintenance of the ECF volume and
composition (diuretics affect this the most)
- maintenance of the acid-base balance
- excretion of metabolic waste and foreign substances
Three basic renal processes Correct Answer-- filtration, reabsorption
(diuretics work to primarily influence this), active secretion
Process of Reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule Correct
Answer-- high resorptive capacity
,- a large fraction (65%) of filtered sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and
potassium is reabsorbed at the PCT
- water follows passively after reabsorption
- tubular urine remains isotonic (300 mOsm/L) = when filtrate leave the
PCT, sodium and chloride are only solutes that remain in significant
amounts
Process of Reabsorption in the Loop of Henle Correct Answer--
descending limb is freely permeable to water = as moving down, passes
a hypertonic environment when moving into the medulla
- due to the hypertonic environment, water will move into the interstitial
space = decreased concentration of urine
- ascending limb of loop of Henle = 20% of filtered sodium and chloride
is reabsorbed
- ascending limb is not permeable to water = causes tonicity of the
tubular urine to return to that of the original filtrate (300 mOsm/L)
Process of Reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (Early
Segment) Correct Answer-about 10% of filtered sodium and chloride is
reabsorbed, water passively follows
Process of Reabsorption at Late Distal Convoluted Tubule and
Collecting Ducts Correct Answer-- site of two important processes
1. exchange of sodium for potassium and is under the influence of
aldosterone = diuretic target this more
2. determine the final concentration of urine and regulated by
antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
, - exchange of sodium for potassium will be done with Aldosterone
(principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex) stimulates the
reabsorption of sodium from the distal nephron and the secretion of
potassium
- promotes sodium-potassium exchange by stimulating cells of the distal
nephron and synthesizing more pumps responsible for sodium and
potassium transport
How Diuretics Work Correct Answer-increase in urine flow that a
diuretic produce is directly related to the amount of sodium and chloride
reabsorption that is blocked
Furosemide Mechanism of Action Correct Answer-- acts of thick
segment of ascending limb of Henle's loop to block reabsorption of Na
and Cl, prevents passive reabsorption of water, causing diuresis
Furosemide Therapeutic Use Correct Answer-- pulmonary edema
associated with congestive heart failure
- edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that has been unresponsive to
less efficacious diuretics
hypertension that cannot be controlled with other diuretics
- hypertension
Furosemide Adverse Effects (11) Correct Answer-hyponatremia,
hypochloremia, dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia, ototoxicity,
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, high LDL and triglycerides, low HDL,
calcium and magnesium deficiency
System questions with Correct answers
Diuretics are issued for what condition? Correct Answer-- treat
hypertension
- mobilization of edematous fluid associated with heart failures,
cirrhosis, or kidney disease
- prevent renal failure
Four functionally distinct regions of the nephron Correct Answer--
glomerulus
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal convoluted Tubule
Three functions of the kidney Correct Answer-- cleansing of
extracellular fluid (ECF) and maintenance of the ECF volume and
composition (diuretics affect this the most)
- maintenance of the acid-base balance
- excretion of metabolic waste and foreign substances
Three basic renal processes Correct Answer-- filtration, reabsorption
(diuretics work to primarily influence this), active secretion
Process of Reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule Correct
Answer-- high resorptive capacity
,- a large fraction (65%) of filtered sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and
potassium is reabsorbed at the PCT
- water follows passively after reabsorption
- tubular urine remains isotonic (300 mOsm/L) = when filtrate leave the
PCT, sodium and chloride are only solutes that remain in significant
amounts
Process of Reabsorption in the Loop of Henle Correct Answer--
descending limb is freely permeable to water = as moving down, passes
a hypertonic environment when moving into the medulla
- due to the hypertonic environment, water will move into the interstitial
space = decreased concentration of urine
- ascending limb of loop of Henle = 20% of filtered sodium and chloride
is reabsorbed
- ascending limb is not permeable to water = causes tonicity of the
tubular urine to return to that of the original filtrate (300 mOsm/L)
Process of Reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (Early
Segment) Correct Answer-about 10% of filtered sodium and chloride is
reabsorbed, water passively follows
Process of Reabsorption at Late Distal Convoluted Tubule and
Collecting Ducts Correct Answer-- site of two important processes
1. exchange of sodium for potassium and is under the influence of
aldosterone = diuretic target this more
2. determine the final concentration of urine and regulated by
antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
, - exchange of sodium for potassium will be done with Aldosterone
(principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex) stimulates the
reabsorption of sodium from the distal nephron and the secretion of
potassium
- promotes sodium-potassium exchange by stimulating cells of the distal
nephron and synthesizing more pumps responsible for sodium and
potassium transport
How Diuretics Work Correct Answer-increase in urine flow that a
diuretic produce is directly related to the amount of sodium and chloride
reabsorption that is blocked
Furosemide Mechanism of Action Correct Answer-- acts of thick
segment of ascending limb of Henle's loop to block reabsorption of Na
and Cl, prevents passive reabsorption of water, causing diuresis
Furosemide Therapeutic Use Correct Answer-- pulmonary edema
associated with congestive heart failure
- edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that has been unresponsive to
less efficacious diuretics
hypertension that cannot be controlled with other diuretics
- hypertension
Furosemide Adverse Effects (11) Correct Answer-hyponatremia,
hypochloremia, dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia, ototoxicity,
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, high LDL and triglycerides, low HDL,
calcium and magnesium deficiency
