NURS 3550 Final Exam questions with correct
answers
define the elements in a PICO format Correct Answer-P: population
I: intervention
C: comparison
O: outcome
used for qualitative and quantitative questions
define the elements in a PICOT format Correct Answer-P: population
I: intervention
C: comparison or clinical issue of interest
O: outcome
T: time frame
can be used in quantitative questions
define the elements of a PICo format Correct Answer-PI:
population/phenonemon of interest
Co: comparison
can be used in qualitative questions
what factors are involves in choosing a priority clinical question Correct
Answer-- high-risk problems (patient safety such as falls)
- high volume problems (need a lot of dressings for a large weeping
wound)
,- is it going to cost a lot? (finding different materials (cheaper) for the
same effectiveness
background question Correct Answer-usually consist of general
information questions (what, when, where, why, how) outcome ==>
uses textbook to find evidence
foreground question Correct Answer-can be answered from a scientific
knowledge about diagnosis, therapy, treatments, tests, ethology, and
prognosis (usually in the format of a PICOT question)
quantitative questions Correct Answer-intervention, prognosis,
diagnosis, etiology questions
qualitative questions Correct Answer-meaning questions (influence on
healthcare)
importance of developing searchable questions Correct Answer-- can
give you a starting point to find an answer to the problem
can help us know the correct way to do things and if that's what we
should be doing (can help us form a focused question)
asking a wrong question can lead to Correct Answer-- no info
- impact on implementation to practice
- lead to bias
- impact the users understanding
,independent variable Correct Answer-the cause, influence, risk factors,
and interventions
dependent variable Correct Answer-the variable that changes, the
outcome that is made
SPIDER framework Correct Answer-S: sample/population of interest
PI: Phenomenon of Interest: how and why certain experiences,
behaviours and decisions are occurring
D: design (research methodology of interest; survey or questionnaire)
E: evaluation => subjective outcomes like views, attitudes (the emotion
behind it)
R: research; either qualitative or mixed-method
what is the spirit of curiosity/inquiry and how does it relate to EIP?
Correct Answer-the spirit of inquiry is group zero (before the EIP
process begins)
- this is when we are working in cultures of curiosity where we feel safe
to question and be curious
if we are uncertain about things, we often feel stuck with not knowing
pre-appraised literature Correct Answer-when we have the goal to not
recognize it is put together and make directions according to the
information
, - this is evidence that has been selected from primary studies and
evaluated for use by clinicians
- primary research has not been analyzed and there are no written
directions for them in the study yet
what is the evidence pyramid Correct Answer-primary original research
(bottom): studies (cohort studies, RCT, case-control studies)
secondary (pre-appraised) research:
- syntheses (systematic reviews)
- synopses (critically-appraised journal articles)
- summaries (critically appraised topics, evidence-based guidelines)
- systems (best practice!) ==> computerized decision support
purpose of systematic review Correct Answer-- methodological
scholarly inquiry
- often known as a study in itself
- usually a process to formulate a summary of the evidence
what kind of evidence does a systematic review generate? Correct
Answer-gold-standard evidence based information
key elements of a systematic review Correct Answer-- clearly stated
objectives: PICO or PICo question
- explicit, reproducible methodology: looking for particular things,
timeframe, date inclusion
answers
define the elements in a PICO format Correct Answer-P: population
I: intervention
C: comparison
O: outcome
used for qualitative and quantitative questions
define the elements in a PICOT format Correct Answer-P: population
I: intervention
C: comparison or clinical issue of interest
O: outcome
T: time frame
can be used in quantitative questions
define the elements of a PICo format Correct Answer-PI:
population/phenonemon of interest
Co: comparison
can be used in qualitative questions
what factors are involves in choosing a priority clinical question Correct
Answer-- high-risk problems (patient safety such as falls)
- high volume problems (need a lot of dressings for a large weeping
wound)
,- is it going to cost a lot? (finding different materials (cheaper) for the
same effectiveness
background question Correct Answer-usually consist of general
information questions (what, when, where, why, how) outcome ==>
uses textbook to find evidence
foreground question Correct Answer-can be answered from a scientific
knowledge about diagnosis, therapy, treatments, tests, ethology, and
prognosis (usually in the format of a PICOT question)
quantitative questions Correct Answer-intervention, prognosis,
diagnosis, etiology questions
qualitative questions Correct Answer-meaning questions (influence on
healthcare)
importance of developing searchable questions Correct Answer-- can
give you a starting point to find an answer to the problem
can help us know the correct way to do things and if that's what we
should be doing (can help us form a focused question)
asking a wrong question can lead to Correct Answer-- no info
- impact on implementation to practice
- lead to bias
- impact the users understanding
,independent variable Correct Answer-the cause, influence, risk factors,
and interventions
dependent variable Correct Answer-the variable that changes, the
outcome that is made
SPIDER framework Correct Answer-S: sample/population of interest
PI: Phenomenon of Interest: how and why certain experiences,
behaviours and decisions are occurring
D: design (research methodology of interest; survey or questionnaire)
E: evaluation => subjective outcomes like views, attitudes (the emotion
behind it)
R: research; either qualitative or mixed-method
what is the spirit of curiosity/inquiry and how does it relate to EIP?
Correct Answer-the spirit of inquiry is group zero (before the EIP
process begins)
- this is when we are working in cultures of curiosity where we feel safe
to question and be curious
if we are uncertain about things, we often feel stuck with not knowing
pre-appraised literature Correct Answer-when we have the goal to not
recognize it is put together and make directions according to the
information
, - this is evidence that has been selected from primary studies and
evaluated for use by clinicians
- primary research has not been analyzed and there are no written
directions for them in the study yet
what is the evidence pyramid Correct Answer-primary original research
(bottom): studies (cohort studies, RCT, case-control studies)
secondary (pre-appraised) research:
- syntheses (systematic reviews)
- synopses (critically-appraised journal articles)
- summaries (critically appraised topics, evidence-based guidelines)
- systems (best practice!) ==> computerized decision support
purpose of systematic review Correct Answer-- methodological
scholarly inquiry
- often known as a study in itself
- usually a process to formulate a summary of the evidence
what kind of evidence does a systematic review generate? Correct
Answer-gold-standard evidence based information
key elements of a systematic review Correct Answer-- clearly stated
objectives: PICO or PICo question
- explicit, reproducible methodology: looking for particular things,
timeframe, date inclusion
