ORD 722- Exam 1 Questions with Answers (All Answers Correct)

*A child who falls outside of the range of top _____% or bottom ____% of the population on a standard growth chart should receive special study. - ️️97, 3 With a standard growth chart, variability of growth is expressed _____________. - ️️quantitatively -Deviations from the average Growth is: - ️️increase in size or number Predictability of growth is when: - ️️patterns "repeat" Development is: - ️️Increase in complexity Facial form is the proportion between: - ️️facial width and facial length Brachyfacial - ️️broad facial form Mesofacial - ️️average facial form Dolichofacial - ️️long facial form Variability of growth - ️️not everyone is alike in the way they grow (variation is normal within limits) T or F? Variation is normal, within limits - ️️True A child's growth should plot along the same _________________ ______________ at all ages. - ️️percentile line (If the growth line deviates, suspect growth abnormality (ie. illness)) Girls start their spurt of growth at puberty, around age ____. - ️️11 Boys start their spurt of growth at puberty, around age ____. - ️️13 Cephalocaudal gradient of growth - ️️Normal growth pattern, this means that there is an axis of increased growth extending from the head toward the feet. Cephalocaudal gradient of growth within the head and neck - ️️Mandible farther away from brain= more caudal than maxillathe mandible tends to grow ______ and _____ than the maxilla - ️️more, later *Scammon's growth curve demonstrates that - ️️not all tissue systems of the body grow at the same rate Growth of neural tissues is nearly complete by _______ years of age - ️️6-7 Growth of general body tissues (Muscle, bone, viscera) follows a _____ curve. - ️️S-shaped (after when young, plateaus around age 5, then faster with age again) Methods for studying physical growth - ️️1. Measurement-(no harm) 2. Experimental approach-(growth manipulated, possibly destructive, non-human testing) Measurement of growth approaches: - ️️Cephalometric radiology -used in ortho eval and growth study -requires precise head orientation and magnification control Analysis of cephalometric images requires - ️️-measurements of dental and skeletal positions -superimpositions Superimpositions of cephalometric images measures - ️️longitudinal changes ex.) cranial base superimposition of cephalometric tracing at two time points on sellanasion line Cephalometric radiology - ️️-direct measurement of skeletal dimensions -growth change in same individual over time can be measured cephalometric radiology with implants experiment - ️️Arne Bjork- Royal Dental College Copenhagen -inserted titanium metal pins into facial bones and superimposed images based on implant markers -Increased accuracy of cephlaometric analysis (pins don't move over time) *Experimental growth measurement appraoach: Vital Staining - ️️-Anatomist John Hunter, 18th century-dyes that stain mineralizing tissue, remain in bone and teeth, can be detected later after animal is killed Sites of bone calcification= - ️️sites of active skeletal growth In vital staining, Alizarin reacts with ____________ - ️️calcium In vital staining, what types of cells or tissues are being stained? - ️️mineralizing