ISDS3105 Midterm Exam: Questions & Answers (Rated
A+)
Internet Right Ans - The internet began as four networked computers in
1969. Today, the internet is the largest and most popular computer network,
spanning the entire globe.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Right Ans - FTP was an early way for
transferring files over the internet. Users used FTP programs to connect to
servers, look at listings of available documents, and download documents of
interest.
The World Wide Web, or "the web", (first developed in the 90s) involved 3
things: Right Ans - - text files (known as HTML files) containing links to
other text files
- a program, known as a browser, for viewing HTML files
- a set of rules, known as the HTTP protocol, for transferring HTML files
among computers
Webpage Right Ans - a document that is viewed in a web browser
Website Right Ans - a collection of related webpages
Web server Right Ans - program that serves webpages to web browsers
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Right Ans - tmarkup language for
web documents.
Hypertext is text that has links to other text/images/videos. Document
markup is special markings in the document that provide additional
information about links, formatting, and images. HTML also permits adding
metadata like search engine keywords, author information, and language.
Web browser Right Ans - a program that downloads an HTML document
from a web server, displays the document to the user with the appropriate
formatting, and allows the user to interact with the document, such as by
clicking hyperlinks to access other documents.
,World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Right Ans - international standards
organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standard,
including HTML. HTML5 was the final HTML standard released by the W3C.
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) Right
Ans - organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose
members include major browser vendors. produces the HTML Living
Standard, a continually evolving standard without version numbers that
replaces HTML5
Separation of Duties Right Ans - HTML defines the structure and content of
a webpage. CSS specifies the layout and visible appearance. JavaScript
describes the dynamic behaviors and actions of a webpage.
Packet Right Ans - contains To and From IP addresses, the information to
communicate, and other configuration information
IP (Internet Protocol) Address Right Ans - a computer's unique address on
the internet, usually represented numerically with 32 bits, divided into four 8-
bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number. original version
was IPv4 (32 bit addresses) and new version is IPv6 (128 bit addresses)
Domain name Right Ans - name for an IP address, such as the name
wikipedia.org. capitalization doesn't matter
DNS (domain name system) server Right Ans - converts the domain name
to an IP address. the 13 main DNS servers in the world are called root servers
Domain name levels Right Ans - Top-level domains (TLDs)
= .com, .net, .edu, and .gov
Country code top-level domain (ccTLDs) = .uk, .ru, .de
Domain levels work right to left (.gov is top, whitehouse is second, www is
third)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Right Ans - location of a web resource on
the web
Web resource Right Ans - any retrievable item, like an HTML file, image,
video, CSS style sheet, etc.
, Parts of a URL Right Ans - Example: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
Scheme: characters at the beginning of a URL followed by ":" or "://". Include
http, https, mailto, and file
Hostname: complete domain name following the scheme. Example is
"www.cdc.gov"
Path: characters to the right of the hostname in a URL. Example is "/alcohol"
Query string: optional characters to the right of the question mark in a URL
that provide data for the web server. In https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=uu7XCEMdSHg, the characters after the ? tells YouTube's server to play a
video having code uu7XCEMdSHg.
Fragment: optional characters at the end of a URL that start with a # and refer
to a certain location within a webpage. In
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#History, the fragment "#History" refers
to the webpage's History section.
404 Right Ans - If a web server is reached, but the specific requested page
isn't found, the server returns a 404 status code, which is a code number for
page not found. Linkrot is the general name for a once valid link that now
returns a 404 status code.
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP Right Ans - a networking protocol that
runs over TCP/ICP and governs communication between web browsers and
web servers
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Right Ans -
protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the internet
from one machine to another
DNS lookup Right Ans - Before HTTP communication begins, the web
browser extracts the domain name from the URL being accessed and performs
a DNS lookup. This is done by sending the domain name to the local DNS and
getting back the IP address of the web server hosting the domain name.
A+)
Internet Right Ans - The internet began as four networked computers in
1969. Today, the internet is the largest and most popular computer network,
spanning the entire globe.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Right Ans - FTP was an early way for
transferring files over the internet. Users used FTP programs to connect to
servers, look at listings of available documents, and download documents of
interest.
The World Wide Web, or "the web", (first developed in the 90s) involved 3
things: Right Ans - - text files (known as HTML files) containing links to
other text files
- a program, known as a browser, for viewing HTML files
- a set of rules, known as the HTTP protocol, for transferring HTML files
among computers
Webpage Right Ans - a document that is viewed in a web browser
Website Right Ans - a collection of related webpages
Web server Right Ans - program that serves webpages to web browsers
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Right Ans - tmarkup language for
web documents.
Hypertext is text that has links to other text/images/videos. Document
markup is special markings in the document that provide additional
information about links, formatting, and images. HTML also permits adding
metadata like search engine keywords, author information, and language.
Web browser Right Ans - a program that downloads an HTML document
from a web server, displays the document to the user with the appropriate
formatting, and allows the user to interact with the document, such as by
clicking hyperlinks to access other documents.
,World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Right Ans - international standards
organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standard,
including HTML. HTML5 was the final HTML standard released by the W3C.
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) Right
Ans - organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose
members include major browser vendors. produces the HTML Living
Standard, a continually evolving standard without version numbers that
replaces HTML5
Separation of Duties Right Ans - HTML defines the structure and content of
a webpage. CSS specifies the layout and visible appearance. JavaScript
describes the dynamic behaviors and actions of a webpage.
Packet Right Ans - contains To and From IP addresses, the information to
communicate, and other configuration information
IP (Internet Protocol) Address Right Ans - a computer's unique address on
the internet, usually represented numerically with 32 bits, divided into four 8-
bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number. original version
was IPv4 (32 bit addresses) and new version is IPv6 (128 bit addresses)
Domain name Right Ans - name for an IP address, such as the name
wikipedia.org. capitalization doesn't matter
DNS (domain name system) server Right Ans - converts the domain name
to an IP address. the 13 main DNS servers in the world are called root servers
Domain name levels Right Ans - Top-level domains (TLDs)
= .com, .net, .edu, and .gov
Country code top-level domain (ccTLDs) = .uk, .ru, .de
Domain levels work right to left (.gov is top, whitehouse is second, www is
third)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Right Ans - location of a web resource on
the web
Web resource Right Ans - any retrievable item, like an HTML file, image,
video, CSS style sheet, etc.
, Parts of a URL Right Ans - Example: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
Scheme: characters at the beginning of a URL followed by ":" or "://". Include
http, https, mailto, and file
Hostname: complete domain name following the scheme. Example is
"www.cdc.gov"
Path: characters to the right of the hostname in a URL. Example is "/alcohol"
Query string: optional characters to the right of the question mark in a URL
that provide data for the web server. In https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=uu7XCEMdSHg, the characters after the ? tells YouTube's server to play a
video having code uu7XCEMdSHg.
Fragment: optional characters at the end of a URL that start with a # and refer
to a certain location within a webpage. In
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#History, the fragment "#History" refers
to the webpage's History section.
404 Right Ans - If a web server is reached, but the specific requested page
isn't found, the server returns a 404 status code, which is a code number for
page not found. Linkrot is the general name for a once valid link that now
returns a 404 status code.
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP Right Ans - a networking protocol that
runs over TCP/ICP and governs communication between web browsers and
web servers
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Right Ans -
protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the internet
from one machine to another
DNS lookup Right Ans - Before HTTP communication begins, the web
browser extracts the domain name from the URL being accessed and performs
a DNS lookup. This is done by sending the domain name to the local DNS and
getting back the IP address of the web server hosting the domain name.
