BIOL 2302 Exam 1 Review Questions
With Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
symptoms of diabetes mellitus - Answer polyuria (huge urine output), polydipsia (excessive thirst),
polyphagia (excessive hunger and food consumption)
Glucagon - Answer A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose
levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
Insulin - Answer A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues
amino acid-based hormones - Answer Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
Steroids - Answer synthesized from cholesterol, gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
water soluble hormones - Answer (all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid hormone)
Act on plasma membrane receptors
Act via G protein second messengers
Cannot enter cell
lipid soluble hormones - Answer -steroid and thyroid hormones
-act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes
-can enter cell
-DNA transcription to produce mRNA
-receptor hormone complex
Nervous System Modulation - Answer The nervous system can override normal endocrine controls
,up-regulation - Answer target cells form more receptors in response to the hormone
down regulation - Answer target cells lose receptors in response to the hormone
Permisiveness - Answer one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Synergism - Answer more than one hormone produces the same effects on a target cell
antagonism - Answer one or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone
hypothalamus connected to pituitary gland via stalk called - Answer infundibulum
posterior pituitary secretes - Answer neurohormones
anterior pituitary also called - Answer adenohypophysis
hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract - Answer connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete? - Answer oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
How oxytocin and ADH are secreted - Answer stored in axon terminals in posterior pituitary and are
related into blood when neurons fire
steroids are thyroid hormones are attached to - Answer plasma proteins
Oxytocin - Answer A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer released by the posterior pituitary controls how much fluid
leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules, also called
vasopressin, inhibited by alcohol and diuretics
diabetes insipidus - Answer hyposecretion of ADH
anterior pituitary hormones - Answer Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
growth hormone - Answer hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of
bones, direct actions on metabolism, also called somatotropin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Answer Stimulates the normal development and secretory
activity of the thyroid, inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones, also called thyrotropin
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) - Answer promotes the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion - Answer Hypothalamus-->TRH-->anterior pituitary-->TSH--
>thyroid gland-->thyroid hormones-->target cells
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Answer stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids,
also called corticotropin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - Answer Promotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
What are the gonadotropins? - Answer follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
With Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
symptoms of diabetes mellitus - Answer polyuria (huge urine output), polydipsia (excessive thirst),
polyphagia (excessive hunger and food consumption)
Glucagon - Answer A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose
levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
Insulin - Answer A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues
amino acid-based hormones - Answer Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins
Steroids - Answer synthesized from cholesterol, gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
water soluble hormones - Answer (all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid hormone)
Act on plasma membrane receptors
Act via G protein second messengers
Cannot enter cell
lipid soluble hormones - Answer -steroid and thyroid hormones
-act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes
-can enter cell
-DNA transcription to produce mRNA
-receptor hormone complex
Nervous System Modulation - Answer The nervous system can override normal endocrine controls
,up-regulation - Answer target cells form more receptors in response to the hormone
down regulation - Answer target cells lose receptors in response to the hormone
Permisiveness - Answer one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
Synergism - Answer more than one hormone produces the same effects on a target cell
antagonism - Answer one or more hormones opposes the action of another hormone
hypothalamus connected to pituitary gland via stalk called - Answer infundibulum
posterior pituitary secretes - Answer neurohormones
anterior pituitary also called - Answer adenohypophysis
hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract - Answer connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary
what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete? - Answer oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
How oxytocin and ADH are secreted - Answer stored in axon terminals in posterior pituitary and are
related into blood when neurons fire
steroids are thyroid hormones are attached to - Answer plasma proteins
Oxytocin - Answer A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer released by the posterior pituitary controls how much fluid
leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules, also called
vasopressin, inhibited by alcohol and diuretics
diabetes insipidus - Answer hyposecretion of ADH
anterior pituitary hormones - Answer Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
growth hormone - Answer hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of
bones, direct actions on metabolism, also called somatotropin
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Answer Stimulates the normal development and secretory
activity of the thyroid, inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones, also called thyrotropin
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) - Answer promotes the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion - Answer Hypothalamus-->TRH-->anterior pituitary-->TSH--
>thyroid gland-->thyroid hormones-->target cells
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Answer stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids,
also called corticotropin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - Answer Promotes secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
What are the gonadotropins? - Answer follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
