D236-WGU Pathophysiology Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
1. What is accomplished by diffusion?: Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2. Osmotic Diarrhea: Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine draw-
ing water into the bowel.
3. BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A
higher value indicates this.
4. Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive Heart failure, Cancer,
Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to percussion, and
diminished breath sounds on affected side.
5. pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45)
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26)
CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?: Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs
are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused
by COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6. How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid-base distur-
bances?: By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic Acidosis)
Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
7. One symptom of Acidosis?: Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying
to get rid of the CO2)
8. What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?-
: Homozygous (HH or hh)
9. What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) compartment?: The
fluid contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water content.
10. Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water require-
ments?: State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular fluid
causes body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
11. What are phagocytic cells?: Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12. Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl): Complete or partial missing
X-chromosome in females
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13. What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease?: Genetic defect of Hunt-
ington gene
Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14. Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol
syndrome)?: Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition, Self-regula-
tion, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues, and small-
er head & brain.
15. Grade 1 Sprain: Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint
instability.
16. Osteoarthritis: Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold weather
Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on fingers
17. Melanoma: Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize via ABCDE's = Asym-
metry/Border/Color/Diameter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
18. Basal Cell Carcinoma: Small dome-shaped bump covered by superficial blood
vessels (telangiectasis).
TX: Surgery
19. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Red, crusted, scaly patch; non-healing ulcer, firm,
red nodule
TX: Surgery; Chemo/Radiation
20. Rule of Nines: The face and back of head =4.5% each
Entire Head = 9%
Ant/Post Arm = 9%
Front leg = 9% and Back Leg = 9% (18%)
Torso (chest/abd) front = 18% and Torso (chest/abd) Back = 18% (36%)
Genitalia = 1%
1. What is accomplished by diffusion?: Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
2. Osmotic Diarrhea: Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine draw-
ing water into the bowel.
3. BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): A marker used to diagnose heart failure. A
higher value indicates this.
4. Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
Causes: Severe pulmonary infection (PNA or TB), Congestive Heart failure, Cancer,
Pulmonary Embolism
S/S: Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Sharp pleuritic chest pain, dullness to percussion, and
diminished breath sounds on affected side.
5. pH = 7.29 (Norm = 7.35-7.45)
Bicarb = 25 (Norm = 22-26)
CO2 = 55 (Norm = 35-45)
Which cause is consistent with these lab values?: Respiratory Acidosis; Lungs
are NOT ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction of pH (Caused
by COPD, Infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6. How does the Respiratory System compensate for acid-base distur-
bances?: By changing the rate and depth of breathing.
Increasing = Expels CO2 to reduce acidity (compensates Metabolic Acidosis)
Decreasing = Retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates Metabolic Alkalosis)
7. One symptom of Acidosis?: Rapid breathing aka Hyperventilation (body trying
to get rid of the CO2)
8. What describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?-
: Homozygous (HH or hh)
9. What statement describes the ICF (Intracellular Fluid) compartment?: The
fluid contained within the cells, making up about 2/3 of the body's total water content.
10. Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water require-
ments?: State of diminished water volume in the body. A deficit of intracellular fluid
causes body cells to shrink.
Severe Diarrhea
Excessive Sweating
Vomiting
11. What are phagocytic cells?: Part of innate immunity (inflammatory response)
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris
EX) Macrophages and Neutrophils
12. Turner's Syndrome (Short, webbed neck girl): Complete or partial missing
X-chromosome in females
, D236-WGU Pathophysiology Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
S/S: Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Webbing of neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vission issues, and aortic valve abnormalities.
13. What are two symptoms of Huntington's Disease?: Genetic defect of Hunt-
ington gene
Lack of control-involuntary motor symptoms
Cognitive decline
Depression
Dementia later in disease
Muscle spasticity
Speech/swallow difficulty
14. Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol
syndrome)?: Cognitive deficits, Behavioral problems, and Physical Abnormalities
Causes birth defects and developmental disabilities = Neurocognition, Self-regula-
tion, and Adaptive functioning
Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues, and small-
er head & brain.
15. Grade 1 Sprain: Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint
instability.
16. Osteoarthritis: Morning stiffness
Swelling
Limited ROM
Symmetrical joint pain in hips during activity or cold weather
Herberden's and Bouchard's nodes noted on fingers
17. Melanoma: Most lethal form of skin cancer; Categorize via ABCDE's = Asym-
metry/Border/Color/Diameter/Evolving
TX: Surgical Removal, Chemo/Radiation
18. Basal Cell Carcinoma: Small dome-shaped bump covered by superficial blood
vessels (telangiectasis).
TX: Surgery
19. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Red, crusted, scaly patch; non-healing ulcer, firm,
red nodule
TX: Surgery; Chemo/Radiation
20. Rule of Nines: The face and back of head =4.5% each
Entire Head = 9%
Ant/Post Arm = 9%
Front leg = 9% and Back Leg = 9% (18%)
Torso (chest/abd) front = 18% and Torso (chest/abd) Back = 18% (36%)
Genitalia = 1%
